Clinical study of management of un-descended testes in pediatric age group

Background: The mode of un-descended testes (UDT), treatment remains controversial; however surgery is the treatment of choice. Method: 40 children < 2 to 12 years of age clinically evaluated and subjected USG. The patients with palpable tests planned for orchiopexy. Non palpable abdominal tests were planned for diagnostic laparoscopy. During inguinal exploration if cord structures or testicular remnants were found they are removed. Results: 8 (20%0 were < 2 years, 12 (30%) 2-4 years, 12 (30%) 5-9 years, 8 (20%) 10-12 years of age. The levels of UDT was 14 (35%) canalicular, 16 (40%) external ring, 5 (12.5%) internal ring, 5 (12.5%) abdominal. Conclusion: Orchiopexy is the ideal treatment for UDT and laparoscopic treatment is for abdominal testes, but boys with retractile and acquired testes usually don’t need medical or surgical treatment but require close follow up until puberty

A study on aetiopathogenesis and management of rectal prolapse in tertiary care centre in Odisha, India

Introduction: Rectal prolapse refers to a circumferential, full-thickness protrusion of the rectum through the anus and also has been called complete prolapse, or procidentia. Internal prolapse occurs when the rectal wall intussuscepts but does not protrude, and is more accurately described as internal intussusception. In adults, rectal prolapse is far more common among women. The diagnosis is obvious on inspection, except in the case of concealed rectal prolapse. At present, the fixation of the rectum to the sacral hollow is considered to be the most rational operation in the surgical management of complete rectal prolapse. The present study is undertaken at S.C.B.Medical college hospital, Cuttack to evaluate the aetio-pathological factors associated with rectal prolapse and the different surgical methods available to repair them. Methods: A hospital-based Cross-sectional study was done among the patients Presenting .with Rectal Prolapse either attending Surgery Out-Patient Department or admitted to the Department through Emergency Department and giving consent for the study. Results: In the study 91.2% were complete and  8.8% were partial prolapse. The maximum age group showing thus prolapse was from 31-50 years age group, with males having more incidence of prolapse than females. Among the females, multi-porous were having increased incidence of prolapse.&nbsp

Evaluation of surgical abdomen in pediatric subjects admitted for acute abdomen at our tertiary care centre

Acute abdominal pain is one of the most common problems in children admitted to the pediatric emergency department (ED), and often presents a diagnostic dilemma for primary clinicians. Acute abdominal pain in patients presenting to the ED is often diagnosed as a disorder that does not require surgical intervention, such as acute gastroenteritis, functional digestive disorders or constipation. Objectives of our study: to evaluate various etilogies of acute abdomen in children presenting to paediatric emergency department and to estimate the prevalence of surgical abdomen in children presenting to pediatric emergency department. Methodology: Demographic information of the patients was noted down from the hospital case records, which include age, gender. Presenting complaints, clinical signs, etiologies of acute abdomen, laboratory investigations results TLC, DC, CRP, USG findings, CT abdomen findings, time and date of admission, daily progress, time and date of discharge were noted. In traumatic group apart of these observations additional lab investigations like amylase, lipase, ALT, AST, total protein and A:G ratio were noted. Results: We had a total of 132 subjects in non-traumatic group out of which 73% had acute appendicitis, 14% had incarcerated hernia, 7% had instussception, 5% had perforation and 0.75% had torsion.&nbsp

A comparison of effect of preemptive use of oral gabapentin and pregabalin for acute postoperative pain after Partial Thyroidectomy

Background and Aims: Preemptive analgesia is defined as a treatment that is initiated before surgery in order to prevent the establishment of central sensitization evoked by the incisional and inflammatory injuries occurring during surgery and postoperative period. Pregabalinas considered in abolishing neuropathie component of acute nociceptive pain of surgery. Materials and methods: A study was done to know the effect of oral gabapentin and pregabalinath control group for post-operative analgesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 ASA grade I and II patients posted for elective Partial thyroidectomy were randomized into 3 groups (group A, B and C of 30 patients each). One hour before surgery the blinded drug selected for the study was given with a sip of water. Group C- received identical placebo tablet, Group B- received 800 mg of gabapentin tablet and Group A - received 150 mg of pregabalinablet . VAS score recorded for initial rescue analgesia, total duration of analgesia and total requirement of rescue analgesia were observed as primary outcome. Hemodynamics andside effects were recorded as secondary outcome in patients. Results: The analgesic requirement in both Pregabalinand Gabapentin groups are lower than the control group.&nbsp

Cytomorphology of lymphadenopathy on fine needle aspiration cytology: A retrospective study in a tertiary health center in Tribal District of Odisha

Introduction: FNAC is widely accepted the most accurate sensitive, specific, cost-effective minimally invasive OPD technique to establish the basic diagnostic information not only to relieve the anxiety of the patients but also to provide materials for microbial culture, and decrease unnecessary surgery from the visibly accessible superficial masses. It also distinguishes a benign from a malignant entity that can obtain tissue for immuno-phenotyping & molecular studies and obtain cellular & genetic material for storage also useful for staging and follow up including response to treatment in patients with known malignancies. Our study was conducted on 796 Outpatients including all age groups & sexes presenting with palpable enlarged lymph nodes not only for early diagnosis & treatment but also to reveal the burden of various categories of diseases in tribal areas where our institution is situated. Material & methods: FNAC was performed under aseptic precaution using a 22 to 24Gauge needle attached to a 20 CC syringe (disposable). The aspirated material after smearing was treated with 95% ethyl alcohol for fixation & stained with H& E and Papanicolaou stain & air-dried smears are stained with Leishman stain