Laadunhallinta hitsaavassa teollisuudessa

Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli käsitellä laadunhallintaa hitsaavassa teollisuudessa, koska vaatimukset ja määräykset tiukentuvat koko ajan. Tavoitteena oli antaa selkeä kuvaus hitsaavan teollisuuden laadunhallinnasta. Laadun ja laadunhallinnan merkitys lisääntyy koko ajan ja yritykset tarvitsevat yhä enemmän laadunhallinnan ammattilaisia eli laadunhallinnan osaamisella on myös työllistävä vaikutus. Opinnäytetyön lähteinä olivat laadunhallintaan ja hitsaukseen kuuluvat standardit sekä kirjalliset että sähköiset julkaisut. Aihe oli niin laaja, että lähteistä piti poimia vain olennaiset asiat, mutta kuitenkin niin, että laadunhallinnan perusasiat tulivat selviksi. Opinnäytetyö tuo esille asiat, joista koostuu hitsaavan konepajan laadunhallintajärjestelmä. Opinnäytetyössä käsiteltiin ISO 9001 -laatustandardin keskeisimmät asiat ja laadusta asiat, jotka ovat yhteisiä kaiken tyyppisille organisaatioille. Vähän tarkemmin käsiteltiin SFS-EN ISO 3834 -laatustandardia, koska siinä on hitsauksen laadunhallinnan erityisvaatimukset. Lopuksi opinnäytetyössä käsiteltiin 1.7.2014 voimaantulevaa kantavien teräs- ja alumiinirakenteita koskevaa standardia SFS-EN 1090. Tämän standardin sertifiointi ei aiheuta niille yrityksille suuria lisäpanostuksia, jotka jo toimivat ISO 9001 ja ISO 3834 -standardien mukaisesti.The purpose of this thesis was to become familiar with the quality management of the welding industry, due to the constant demands and increasingly strict regulations. The aim was to obtain a clear understanding of quality management, especially in the welding industry. Quality and quality management has growing importance and businesses are increasingly in need of quality management professionals. Quality management expertise has also an impact on employment. This thesis was based on a research. Thesis sources were quality management standards and welding standards including written and electronic publications. The topic was so broad that the sources were selected with the focus on only the essential matters yet keeping the basics of quality management in mind. This thesis discusses the factors of which the quality manage-ment of a welding workshop consist of. The thesis revealed the extent of the concept of quality management and the importance of documentation. The ISO 9001 quality standard was not familiar to the author with previous experience on the welding quality standard SFS-EN 3834, I had been working in the past. Working on this thesis gave a clear and comprehensive picture of quality management, the requirements and benefits for the company

Probiotic administration in congenital heart disease: a pilot study.

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis on the fecal microbiota and plasma cytokines in neonates with congenital heart disease.Study designSixteen infants with congenital heart disease were randomly assigned to receive either B. infantis (4.2 × 10(9) colony-forming units two times daily) or placebo for 8 weeks. Stool specimens from enrolled infants and from six term infants without heart disease were analyzed for microbial composition. Plasma cytokines were analyzed weekly in the infants with heart disease.ResultsHealthy control infants had increased total bacteria, total Bacteroidetes and total bifidobacteria compared to the infants with heart disease, but there were no significant differences between the placebo and probiotic groups. Plasma interleukin (IL)10, interferon (IFN)γ and IL1β levels were transiently higher in the probiotic group.ConclusionCongenital heart disease in infants is associated with dysbiosis. Probiotic B. infantis did not significantly alter the fecal microbiota. Alterations in plasma cytokines were found to be inconsistent

Fine-resolution mapping of microforms of a boreal bog using aerial images and waveform-recording LiDAR

Boreal bogs are important stores and sinks of atmospheric carbon whose surfaces are characterised by vegetation microforms. Efficient methods for monitoring their vegetation are needed because changes in vegetation composition lead to alteration in their function such as carbon gas exchange with the atmosphere. We investigated how airborne image and waveform-recording LiDAR data can be used for 3D mapping of microforms in an open bog which is a mosaic of pools, hummocks with a few stunted pines, hollows, intermediate surfaces and mud-bottom hollows. The proposed method operates on the bog surface, which is reconstructed using LiDAR. The vegetation was classified at 20 cm resolution. We hypothesised that LiDAR data describe surface topography, moisture and the presence and depth of field-layer vegetation and surface roughness; while multiple images capture the colours and texture of the vegetation, which are influenced by directional reflectance effects. We conclude that geometric LiDAR features are efficient predictors of microforms. LiDAR intensity and echo width were specific to moisture and surface roughness, respectively. Directional reflectance constituted 4-34 % of the variance in images and its form was linked to the presence of the field layer. Microform-specific directional reflectance patterns were deemed to be of marginal value in enhancing the classification, and RGB image features were inferior to LiDAR variables. Sensor fusion is an attractive option for fine-scale mapping of these habitats. We discuss the task and propose options for improving the methodology.Peer reviewe

Assault-related facial fractures : does the injury mechanism matter?

This study clarified the injury characteristics and occurrence of associated injuries in patients with assault-related facial fractures. Data from 840 assault-related facial fracture patients were included; demographic factors, facial fracture type, associated injuries, alcohol use, and injury mechanisms were recorded. Assault mechanisms most often included combinations of different mechanisms (57.5%) and resulted in the victim falling (50.1%). The perpetrator was most commonly a stranger (52.5%) and acted alone (57.7%). A total of 123 patients (14.6%) had associated injuries, with the most common being traumatic brain injury. Associated injuries occurred most frequently in patients with combined fractures of the facial thirds (24.2%) and upper third fractures (42.9%). The most significant differentiating factors for associated injuries were the number of perpetrators, falling, the use of an offensive weapon, and if the events of the assault remained unknown. In adjusted logistic regression analyses, statistically significant associations with associated injuries were found for age (odds ratio (OR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.07; P < 0.001), falling due to the assault (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.49-5.50; P = 0.002), and upper third facial fractures (OR 6.93, 95% CI 2.06-23.33; P = 0.002). A single punch also caused severe injuries and should therefore not be overlooked, as this can be as dangerous as other assault mechanisms.Peer reviewe

Incidence of Neonatal Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip and Late Detection Rates Based on Screening Strategy A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

IMPORTANCE Universal ultrasonographic screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) has gained increasing popularity despite the lack of benefit in terms of reducing the rates of late-detected cases (age >= 12 weeks) in randomized clinical trials.OBJECTIVE To report the reported incidence of DDH in the English scientific literature and compare rates of late-detected cases in settings with different DDH screening strategies.DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched on November 25 and 27, 2021. No time filters were used in the search.STUDY SELECTION All observational studies reporting the incidence of early-detected or late-detected (age >= 12 weeks) DDH were included. Non-English reports were excluded if the abstract did not include enough information to be included for analysis.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS The number of newborns screened and the detection rates were extracted. Meta-analysis calculated the pooled incidence of DDH per 1000 newborns with 95% CIs using a random- or fixed-effects model. This study is reported according to the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome measures were early detection, early treatment, late detection, and operative treatment incidences.RESULTS A total of 1899 studies were identified. 203 full texts were assessed, and 76 studies with 16 901079 infants were included in final analyses. The early detection rate was 8.4 (95% CI. 4.8-14.8) infants with DDH per 1000 newborns with clinical screening, 4.4(95% CI, 2.4-8.0) infants with DDH per 1000 newborns with selective ultrasonographic screening, and 23.0 (95% CI, 15.7-33.4) infants with DDH per 1000 newborns with universal ultrasonographic screening. Rates for nonoperative treatment were 5.5 (95% CI, 2.1-14) treatments per 1000 newborns with clinical screening, 3.1(95% CI, 2.0-4.8) treatments per 1000 newborns with selective ultrasonographic screening, and 9.8 (95% CI, 6.7-14.4) treatments per 1000 newborns with universal ultrasonographic screening. The incidence of late-detected DDH was 0.5 (95% CI, 0.2-1.5) infants with DDH per 1000 newborns with clinical screening, 0.6 (95% CI. 0.3-1.3) infants with DDH per 1000 newborns with selective ultrasonographic screening, and 0.2 (95% CI, 0.0-0.8) infants with DDH per 1000 newborns with universal ultrasonographic screening. The corresponding incidences of operative treatment were 0.2 (95% CI, 0.0-0.9) operations per 1000 newborns with clinical screening, 0.5 (95% CI, 0.4-0.7) operations per 1000 newborns with selective ultrasonographic screening, and 0.4(95% CI, 0.2-0.7) operations per 1000 newborns with universal ultrasonographic screening.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This meta-analysis found that early detection rates and nonoperative treatments were higher with universal screening. The late detection and operative treatment rates with universal screening were similar to those among selectively and clinically screened newborns. Based on these results, universal screening may cause initial overtreatment without reducing the rates of late detection and operative treatment.Peer reviewe

Neuropsychological intervention of dyslexia has a positive effect on aspects of psychological well-being in young adults - a randomized controlled study

Effectiveness of individual- and group-based neuropsychological intervention on aspects of psychological well-being of dyslexic adults was evaluated. Dyslexic young adults (n = 120) were randomly assigned into individual intervention, group intervention or wait-list control group. Both interventions focussed on cognitive strategy learning, supporting self-esteem, and using psychoeducation. In group format peer support was also utilized. Cognitive and behavioural strategies, mood states, quality of life and self-esteem were assessed via self-report questionnaires at baseline, after the intervention/wait-list control time at 5 months and 10 months. Results indicated that the neuropsychological interventions had a positive effect on self-evaluated cognitive and behavioural strategies, especially in increasing success expectations and to a lesser degree in diminishing task-avoidance and in group intervention in diminishing social pessimism. The interventions also improved cognition-related quality of life and, to a lesser degree, self-esteem. These results indicate that structured neuropsychological interventions can positively affect self-evaluated psychological well-being, especially on cognitive and behavioural strategies. Considering the secondary consequences of dyslexia, support among young adults is often needed beyond the cognitive and reading-based challenges dyslexia poses.Peer reviewe