What can we explore to enhance the ROK-U.S. alliance?

노트 : Keynote speech presented by Hon. Jin Ha Hwang “New areas of cooperation in the US-ROK alliance” 행사명 : New areas of cooperation in the US-ROK allianc

Soybean Nodulin 26: A Channel for Water and Ammonia at the Symbiotic Interface of Legumes and Nitrogen-fixing Rhizobia Bacteria

During the infection and nodulation of legume roots by soil bacteria of the Rhizobiaceae family, the invading endosymbiont becomes enclosed within a specialized nitrogen-fixing organelle known as the symbiosome . In mature nodules the host infected cells are occupied by thousands of symbiosomes, which constitute the major organelle within this specialized cell type. The symbiosome membrane is the outer boundary of this organelle which controls the transport of metabolites between the symbiont and the plant host. These transport activities include the efflux of the primary metabolic product of nitrogen fixation and the uptake of dicarboxylates as an energy source to support bacterial nitrogen fixation. Soybean nodulin 26, a member of the aquaporin superfamily, is the major protein component of the symbiosome membrane that encloses nitrogen-fixing bacteroids in root nodules. Previous work has demonstrated that nodulin 26 facilitates the transport of water as well as other uncharged solutes such as glycerol and formamide. In addition, it is clear that the protein is a target for developmental and environmental sensitive posttranslational phosphorylation which may regulate transport activity. The present research project provides evidence that nodulin 26 is an “aquaglycero-ammoniaporin” that is specifically localized to the symbiosome membrane, where it could play a potential role in osmoregulatory and metabolic functions in the symbiosis. First, it is shown that purified nodulin 26 reconstituted into liposomes possesses an ammonia permease activity that is favored approximately 4-fold over its aquaporin activity. Second, it is shown that nodulin 26 serves as a docking site for the ammonia assimilatory enzyme, cytosolic glutamine synthetase on the surface of the symbiosome membrane. Third, it is shown that phosphorylation of nodulin 26 exerts opposite effects on the regulation of ammonia and water transport activities. Fourth, it is demonstrated that phosphorylation of nodulin 26 in mature nitrogen-fixing nodules is tightly controlled by various environmental osmotic stimuli that regulate the rate of nitrogen-fixation as well as modulation of the oxygen diffusion barrier inside nodules. A model for how nodulin 26 phosphorylation could contribute to the regulation of these physiological processes is devised

Domain model as problem-oriented architecture application for mobile applications

Domain modeling is an activity that develops a generic model of a family of systems. It has been considered as one of the significant activities in systematic reuse. Frameworks can be used for allowing the design layers, permitting the construction of an intricate structures and reusing development information. In this paper, we will discuss the domain modeling supporting tool that extracts candidate domain model objects to construct frameworks from domain descriptions in a typical text form

Development of smart talking plant with voice recognition function

Plants can tell us what is affecting them with the electrical signals they emit with the help of (Internet of things) IoT.In such ways that is your plant thriving under current light levels? Is your plant thirsty? Or even satisfy with your care? The goal this project is to encourage a happy relationship between plants and people as a lot of people are afraid of plants. Not they are not green handed. The idea of taking good care is a responsibility. This makes it possible for them to have a plant in their lives. As Arduino came into the picture in bringing a better solution for plant care, we proposed an ideal smart plant based on an existing system that will add more features to it to make an all in one architecture. We also presented some useful projects related to this for comparison and future references

Task technology fit in online transaction through apps

The purpose of this chapter is to examine what aspects of task-technology characteristics are most relevant to fit, satisfaction, and continuance intention of using apps in mobile banking transactions. Applying the SEM approach to a sample of 250 Malaysians, the findings of this chapter imply that the task characteristic of transaction-based apps is more relevant than technology characteristics. The results suggest that degree of fit is highly associated with mobile apps user satisfaction. Furthermore, the higher the degree of fit, the higher is the continuance intention to use apps for online transactions. Surprisingly, the findings show that the task characteristics are not relevant to continuous intention to use apps for online transactions

Switching Temporary Teachers for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation

The teacher-student framework, prevalent in semi-supervised semantic segmentation, mainly employs the exponential moving average (EMA) to update a single teacher's weights based on the student's. However, EMA updates raise a problem in that the weights of the teacher and student are getting coupled, causing a potential performance bottleneck. Furthermore, this problem may become more severe when training with more complicated labels such as segmentation masks but with few annotated data. This paper introduces Dual Teacher, a simple yet effective approach that employs dual temporary teachers aiming to alleviate the coupling problem for the student. The temporary teachers work in shifts and are progressively improved, so consistently prevent the teacher and student from becoming excessively close. Specifically, the temporary teachers periodically take turns generating pseudo-labels to train a student model and maintain the distinct characteristics of the student model for each epoch. Consequently, Dual Teacher achieves competitive performance on the PASCAL VOC, Cityscapes, and ADE20K benchmarks with remarkably shorter training times than state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, we demonstrate that our approach is model-agnostic and compatible with both CNN- and Transformer-based models. Code is available at \url{https://github.com/naver-ai/dual-teacher}.Comment: NeurIPS-202

Simulation of wave-induced alongshore current during high waves at Haeundae beach, Korea

Strong wave-induced currents frequently develop at Haeundae Beach, Korea. Rip currents at the beach have threatened safety of swimmers in water. Near-shore currents at Haeundae Beach during a high wave time were measured on 4 June 2008 by using drogues equipped with GPS. The current field during measurement period showed westward flow along shoreline. Major driving force of the measured currents is thought to be the wave-induced force, and the tide-induced force was the second important driving force at the time. The wave-induced current field at the time is quantitatively described by using a numerical modelling system CST3D which adopts rearrangement of driving wave-induced forces, and the PESM for computation of advection terms. The computed wave-induced current field agrees reasonably well with the drogue measurements. The numerical model predicts development of rip current around the beach centre for S wave case, the result of which could be used for warning of possible rip current development at the site

Establishment of an experimental model of ovalbumin-induced atopic dermatitis in canines

IntroductionA reliable standard model is required to evaluate the efficacy of new drugs for companion animals, especially dogs. Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD), also known as allergic inflammatory skin disease, is a common condition. Currently, the house dust mite animal model is used in the research of cAD; however, this model exhibits significant individual variation and is difficult to standardize. In this study, we used ovalbumin as an antigen to sensitize and stimulate dogs, thereby establishing a stable model mimicking the T-helper 2 (Th2) response seen in cAD. Our objective was to create a cAD model that could be employed to evaluate the efficacy of novel drugs and mimic the Th2 dominant allergic response observed in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis of dogs.MethodsIn this study, six beagles were used. Normal saline was applied to two animals, and ovalbumin to four, on their dorsal skin.ResultsThe ovalbumin-treated groups exhibited clinical cAD symptoms, such as pruritus and erythema. Moreover, plasma levels of the cAD markers immunoglobulin E and CCL17 chemokine were higher in the ovalbumin-treated group than in the vehicle control group. The skin thickness of the epidermis was significantly increased in the ovalbumin-treated group, with infiltration of inflammatory cells observed in the thickened dermis region. In conclusion, treatment of canine skin with an optimal concentration of ovalbumin induced typical cAD-like symptoms, and histological and molecular analyses confirmed an enhanced Th2-related immune response.ConclusionTherefore, we successfully established a suitable Th2-dominant response mimicking cAD, which will facilitate targeted research of atopic dermatitis in dogs