The effect of moisture addition with a mold inhibitor on feed manufacture, pellet quality, and broiler performance

Commercial broilers are typically fed pelleted diets because of the resulting improvements in bird performance and ease of transportation. Feed and feed manufacturing costs account for 60--70% of the total costs incurred in a broiler production system. Feed manufacturers are constantly searching for ways to decrease production costs while maintaining high pellet quality. Moisture addition at the mixer has been shown to increase pellet quality and decrease pellet mill energy consumption. However, past literature has incorporated high moisture addition levels that may be impractical in an industrial setting. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of moisture addition at the mixer plus a mold inhibitor on feed manufacture, pellet durability, and broiler performance variables using, perhaps, more practical inclusion levels of one, and two percent.;Three different inclusion levels of a moisture/mold inhibitor mixture (0, 1, and 2%) were added to corn soybean based diets at the mixer as top-dress additions and processed at a commercial and a pilot milling facility. Diets were then evaluated using feed manufacturing variables, pellet quality, broiler performance, and true metabolizable energy values corrected for nitrogen (TMEn). Moisture/mold inhibitor additions resulted in an increase in moisture percentages directly following manufacture. However, after a two day storage period, there were no differences in moisture percentage detected in diets manufactured at the pilot mill; however this was not true for diets manufactured commercially. Pellet durability was increased with moisture/mold inhibitor inclusion, for feed processed at the commercial mill; however, this trend was not observed for the feed processed at the pilot mill. This was likely due to differences in milling techniques such as: die length, conditioning temperature, corn particle size, and fat application. Relative electrical energy usage numerically decreased with increasing levels of moisture/mold inhibitor addition to feed processed at the pilot mill.;Performance data from feeding experiments indicate that the 1% and 2% diets manufactured commercially had positive impacts on broiler performance, as evident by improvements in body weight, live weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. However, diets manufactured at the research facility did not demonstrate these same improvements. Additionally, there were no differences in TMEn values between treatments regardless of manufacturing location. These findings indicate that moisture/mold inhibitor addition has the potential to improve broiler performance and decrease production costs, dependent upon milling technique

Relativistic Effects of Mixed Vector-Scalar-Pseudoscalar Potentials for Fermions in 1+1 Dimensions

The problem of fermions in the presence of a pseudoscalar plus a mixing of vector and scalar potentials which have equal or opposite signs is investigated. We explore all the possible signs of the potentials and discuss their bound-state solutions for fermions and antifermions. The cases of mixed vector and scalar P\"{o}schl-Teller-like and pseudoscalar kink-like potentials, already analyzed in previous works, are obtained as particular cases

Chiral Invariance of Massive Fermions

We show that a massive fermion theory, while not invariant under the conventional chiral transformation, is invariant under a $m$-deformed chiral transformation. These transformations and the associated conserved charges are nonlocal but reduce to the usual transformations and charges when $m=0$. The $m$-deformed charges commute with helicity and satisfy the conventional chiral algebra.Comment: 12 pages, UR-1352, ER-40685-80

Virial coefficients from 2+1 dimensional QED effective actions at finite temperature and density

From spinor and scalar 2+1 dimensional QED effective actions at finite temperature and density in a constant magnetic field background, we calculate the corresponding virial coefficients for particles in the lowest Landau level. These coefficients depend on a parameter theta related to the time-component of the gauge field, which plays an essential role for large gauge invariance. The variation of the parameter theta might lead to an interpolation between fermionic and bosonic virial coefficients, although these coefficients are singular for theta=pi/2.Comment: 10 Latex pages, no figures. Version to appear in MPL

Remarks on Charged Vortices in the Maxwell-Chern-Simons Model

We study vortex-like configuration in Maxwell-Chern-Simons Electrodynamics. Attention is paid to the similarity it shares with the Nielsen-Olesen solutions at large distances. A magnetic symmetry between a point-like and an azimuthal-like current in this framework is also pointed out. Furthermore, we address the issue of a neutral and spinless particle interacting with a charged vortex, and obtain that the Aharonov-Casher-type phase depends upon mass and distance parameters.Comment: New refs. added. Version accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.