Клинико-фармакоэкономический анализ антигеликобактерной терапии в стационарных и амбулаторно-поликлинических условиях

ГЕЛИКОБАКТЕРИОЗ /ЛЕК ТЕРЭКОНОМИКА ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКА

Insulin receptor substrate-2 maintains predominance of anabolic function over catabolic function of osteoblasts

Insulin receptor substrates (IRS-1 and IRS-2) are essential for intracellular signaling by insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), anabolic regulators of bone metabolism. Although mice lacking the IRS-2 gene (IRS-2−/− mice) developed normally, they exhibited osteopenia with decreased bone formation and increased bone resorption. Cultured IRS-2−/− osteoblasts showed reduced differentiation and matrix synthesis compared with wild-type osteoblasts. However, they showed increased receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) expression and osteoclastogenesis in the coculture with bone marrow cells, which were restored by reintroduction of IRS-2 using an adenovirus vector. Although IRS-2 was expressed and phosphorylated by insulin and IGF-I in both osteoblasts and osteoclastic cells, cultures in the absence of osteoblasts revealed that intrinsic IRS-2 signaling in osteoclastic cells was not important for their differentiation, function, or survival. It is concluded that IRS-2 deficiency in osteoblasts causes osteopenia through impaired anabolic function and enhanced supporting ability of osteoclastogenesis. We propose that IRS-2 is needed to maintain the predominance of bone formation over bone resorption, whereas IRS-1 maintains bone turnover, as we previously reported; the integration of these two signalings causes a potent bone anabolic action by insulin and IGF-I

研究速報 : Making five atomic force microscope for 200,000yen each : A student project

特集2 日仏マイクロメカトロニクス国際共同研究組織(LIMMS

研究解説 : A Linear Encoder Using a Crystal as a Reference

マイクロマシン特集

研究解説 : Mapping of Lateral Vibration Amplitude of the Tip at a Sub-Atomic Level in Contact Mode Atomic Force Microscopy

マイクロマシン特集