6,887 research outputs found
Half-ordered state in the anisotropic Haldane-gap antiferromagnet NDMAP
Neutron diffraction experiments performed on the Haldane gap material NDMAP
in high magnetic fields applied at an angle to the principal anisotropy axes
reveal two consecutive field-induced phase transitions. The low-field phase is
the gapped Haldane state, while at high fields the system exhibits
3-dimensional long-range Neel order. In a peculiar phase found at intermediate
fields only half of all the spin chains participate in the long-range ordering,
while the other half remains disordered and gapped.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Oscillons in Scalar Field Theories: Applications in Higher Dimensions and Inflation
The basic properties of oscillons -- localized, long-lived, time-dependent
scalar field configurations -- are briefly reviewed, including recent results
demonstrating how their existence depends on the dimensionality of spacetime.
Their role on the dynamics of phase transitions is discussed, and it is shown
that oscillons may greatly accelerate the decay of metastable vacuum states.
This mechanism for vacuum decay -- resonant nucleation -- is then applied to
cosmological inflation. A new inflationary model is proposed which terminates
with fast bubble nucleation.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys.
Transitive X-ray spectrum and PeV gamma-ray cutoff in the M87 jet: Electron "Pevatron"
We propose a modified version of the X-ray spectral index and an intrinsic
cutoff frequency of inverse Compton radiation from the brightest knot of the
M87 jet, in conjunction with an application of the new conceptions of injection
and diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) of electrons in magnetized filamentary
plasma to the specified source. The drop of the X-ray flux density in a
transitive frequency region is associated with the interplay of ordinary
synchrotron cooling and weaker magnetic fields concomitant with the smaller
scale filaments that allow the electron injection, while the radio-optical
synchrotron continuum is dominantly established by the major electrons that are
quasi-secularly bound to larger filaments. With reference to, particularly, the
updated external Compton model, we demonstrate that in the Klein-Nishina regime
fading inverse Comptonization, the injected electrons can be stochastically
energized up to a Lorentz factor as high as in the temporal
competition with diffuse synchrotron cooling; this value is larger than that
attainable for a simple DSA scenario based on the resonant scattering diffusion
of the gyrating electrons bound to a supposed magnetic field homogeneously
pervading the entire knot. The upper limits of the photon frequency boosted via
conceivable inverse Compton processes are predicted to be of the common order
of Hz. The variability of the broadband spectrum is also
discussed in comparison to the features of a blazar light curve. The present
scenario of a peta-eV (PeV; eV) electron accelerator, the "Pevatron,"
might provide some guidance for exploring untrod hard X-ray and gamma-ray bands
in forthcoming observations.Comment: 34 pages, 6 figures, matches version published in Ap
Right-veering diffeomorphisms of compact surfaces with boundary II
We continue our study of the monoid of right-veering diffeomorphisms on a
compact oriented surface with nonempty boundary, introduced in [HKM2]. We
conduct a detailed study of the case when the surface is a punctured torus; in
particular, we exhibit the difference between the monoid of right-veering
diffeomorphisms and the monoid of products of positive Dehn twists, with the
help of the Rademacher function. We then generalize to the braid group B_n on n
strands by relating the signature and the Maslov index. Finally, we discuss the
symplectic fillability in the pseudo-Anosov case by comparing with the work of
Roberts [Ro1,Ro2].Comment: 25 pages, 5 figure
Large optical gain from four-wave mixing instabilities in semiconductor quantum wells
Based on a microscopic many-particle theory, we predict large optical gain in
the probe and background-free four-wave mixing directions caused by excitonic
instabilities in semiconductor quantum wells. For a single quantum well with
radiative-decay limited dephasing in a typical pump-probe setup we discuss the
microscopic driving mechanisms and polarization and frequency dependence of
these instabilities
Quasi-elastic neutron scattering in the high-field phase of a Haldane antiferromagnet
Inelastic neutron scattering experiments on the Haldane-gap quantum
antiferromagnet NDMAP are performed in magnetic fields below and above the
critical field Hc at which the gap closes. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering is
found for H>Hc indicating topological excitations in the high field phase.Comment: Added to discussion section. v2: Updated figure
What do experimental data "say" about growth of hadronic total cross-section?
We reanalyse and high energy data of the elastic scattering
above GeV on the total cross-section and on the
forward -ratio for various models of Pomeron, utilizing two methods. The
first one is based on analytic amplitudes, the other one relies on assumptions
for and on dispersion relation for . We argue that it is
not possible, from fitting only existing data for forward scattering, to select
a definite asymptotic growth with the energy of . We find
equivalent fits to the data together with a logarithmic Pomeron giving a
behavior , and with
a supercritical Pomeron giving a behavior ,
.Comment: LaTeX, 18 pages, 5 eps figures included, to be published in Il Nuovo
Ciment
Resistivity scaling and critical dynamics of fully frustrated Josephson-junction arrays with on-site dissipation
We study the scaling behavior and critical dynamics of the resistive
transition in Josephson-junction arrays, at f=1/2 flux quantum per plaquette,
by numerical simulation of an on-site dissipation model for the dynamics. The
results are compared with recent simulations using the
resistively-shunted-junction model. For both models, we find that the
resistivity scaling and critical dynamics of the phases are well described by
the same critical temperature as for the chiral (vortex-lattice) transition,
with a power-law divergent correlation length. The behavior is consistent with
the single transition scenario, where phase and chiral variables order at the
same temperature, but with different dynamic exponents z for phase coherence
and chiral order.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Numerical Latent Heat Observation of the q=5 Potts Model
Site energy of the five-state ferromagnetic Potts model is numerically
calculated at the first-order transition temperature using corner transfer
matrix renormalization group (CTMRG) method. The calculated energy of the
disordered phase is clearly different from that of the ordered phase
. The obtained latent heat is 0.027, which
quantitatively agrees with the exact solution.Comment: 2 pages, Latex(JPSJ style files are included), 2 ps figures,
submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.(short note
The barium isotopic fractions in five metal-poor stars
We provide measurements of the Ba isotopic fractions for five metal-poor
stars derived with an LTE analysis using 1D model stellar atmospheres. We use
high resolution (R\equiv{\lambda}/\Delta{\lambda}=90000-95000), very high
signal-to-noise (S/N>500) spectra to determine the fraction of odd Ba isotopes
(fodd) by measuring subtle asymmetries in the profile of the Ba ii line at 4554
{\AA}. We also use two different macroturbulent broadening techniques, Gaussian
and radial-tangential, to model the Fe lines of each star, and propagate each
technique to model macroturbulent broadening in the Ba 4554 {\AA} line. We
conduct a 1D non-LTE (NLTE) treatment of the Fe lines in the red giant HD122563
and the subgiant HD140283 in an attempt to improve the fitting. We determine
[Ba/Eu] ratios for the two giants in our study, HD122563 and HD88609, which can
also be used to determine the relative contribution of the s- and r-processes
to heavy-element nucleosynthesis, for comparison with fodd. We find fodd for
HD122563, HD88609 and HD84937, BD+26\circ3578 and BD-04\circ3208 to be
-0.12\pm0.07, -0.02\pm0.09, and -0.05\pm0.11, 0.08\pm0.08 and 0.18\pm0.08
respectively. This means that all stars examined here show isotopic fractions
more compatible with an s-process dominated composition. The [Ba/Eu] ratios in
HD122563 and HD88609 are found to be -0.20\pm0.15 and -0.47\pm0.15
respectively, which indicate instead an r-process signature. We report a better
statistical fit to the majority of Fe profiles in each star when employing a
radial-tangential broadening technique during our 1D LTE investigation. We have
shown that, from a statistical point of view, one must consider using a
radial-tangential broadening technique rather than a Gaussian one to model Fe
line macroturbulences when working in 1D. No improvement to Fe line fitting is
seen when employing a NLTE treatment.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy
& Astrophysic
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