Response to: Functional neuroimaging and diagnostic reasoning

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Relationship of neuroimaging to typical sleep times during a clinical reasoning task: a pilot study

Item does not contain fulltextBACKGROUND: Sleep deprivation and fatigue have been associated with medical errors, clinical performance decrements, and reduced quality of life for both practicing physicians and medical students. Greater understanding of the impact of sleep quantity on clinical reasoning could improve patient care. The purpose of our pilot study was to examine relationships between clinical reasoning (assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging) and sleep time (measured in different ways by actigraphy) while answering multiple-choice questions (MCQs) from licensing agencies. METHODS: Residents and faculty were administered a clinical reasoning exercise (MCQs from licensing bodies) during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Usual sleep patterns were sampled with actigraphy. Covariate analysis was used to examine the relationship between sleep duration (mean sleep, minimum sleep, maximum sleep) and brain activity during clinical reasoning (solving MCQs from licensing bodies). RESULTS: The mean sleep time over the duration of monitoring for the group was 7.19 hours (SD 0.66) with a range of 6.1 to 8.1 hours (internal medicine faculty 7.1 hours, SD 0.41; internal medicine residents 7.27 hours, SD 0.92). There was a negative relationship between activation in the prefrontal cortex and minimum sleep time while reflecting on MCQs. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide evidence that the quantity of sleep can modulate brain activity while completing a clinically meaningful task that should be confirmed in larger studies. Our findings suggest that the construct of sleepiness may be more complex than appreciated by many and that the most important of these sleep measures in terms of outcomes remains to be determined

Docente-clínico: o complexo papel do preceptor na residência médica Clinical teacher: the complex role of the preceptor in medical residency

Este estudo analisa o papel do preceptor na residência médica, partindo das percepções dos preceptores dos programas de residência em especialidades clínicas de um hospital de ensino. Através de uma pesquisa descritiva, utiliza-se a técnica de entrevista não-diretiva, com o intuito de estudar o fenômeno a partir da fala de 16 desses preceptores. Utiliza-se a análise de conteúdo, tecendo uma relação com as referências da literatura. Percebe-se que o preceptor assume vários papéis. Encontram-se referências a orientador, tutor, supervisor e mentor. Ele planeja, controla, guia; estimula o raciocínio e a postura ativa; analisa o desempenho; aconselha e cuida do crescimento profissional e pessoal; observa e avalia o residente executando suas atividades; atua na formação moral. É grande a importância do preceptor como educador, oferecendo, ao aprendiz, ambientes que lhe permitam construir e reconstruir conhecimentos. O preceptor ensina realizando procedimentos técnicos e moderando a discussão de casos. Assume papel do docente-clínico, um profissional que domina a prática clínica e os aspectos educacionais relacionados a ela, transformando-a em ambiente e momento educacionais propícios. Identificando as oportunidades de aprendizagem e os cenários de exposição, o preceptor da residência médica funciona como uma vitrine de atributos técnicos e relacionais, proporcionando verdadeiras condições de desenvolvimento técnico e ético nos cenários reais de prática profissional.<br>This study examines the role of preceptor in the medical residency program, based on the perceptions of preceptors in clinical specialties of a university hospital. Through a descriptive research, it uses the technique of non-directive interview, to study the phenomenon from the speech of 16 preceptors. It uses the content analysis, weaving a relationship with the literature. It is perceived that the tutor takes on several roles. There are references to the tutor, supervisor and mentor. He plans, manages, guides; stimulates thinking and active attitude; observes the performance; advises and looks after the professional and personal growth; observes and evaluates the resident running its activities; acts in the moral formation. The importance of the preceptor as an educator is great, offering the learner environments, enabling it to construct and reconstruct knowledge. The preceptor teaches performing technical procedures and moderating the discussion of cases. Heassumes role of teacher-clinician, a professional who dominates the clinical practice and educational aspects related to it, making it a suitable educational environment and time. Identifying learning opportunities and exposure scenarios, the medical residency preceptor serves as a showcase of technical and relational attributes, providing real opportunities for developing actual technical and ethical scenarios for professional practice