Proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy: absolute metabolite concentrations in normal aging human brain at 3Tesla

Session - Normal Aging Brain: Computer 90 (Tuesday)OBJECTIVES: Absolute quantitation of metabolite levels of normal aging human brain has rarely been done. But using a 3T scanner, which provides better signal-to-noise ratio, spectrum with higher resolution can be obtained. MRS can explore aging at a molecular level but controversial findings had been reported in previous frontal lobe studies [1,2] In this study, we investigate in the relationship between regional concentrations of …published_or_final_versionThe 19th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM 2011), Montreal, QC., 7-13 May 2011. In Proceedings of the 19th ISMRM, 2011, v. 19, p. 404

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrates neuronal loss and altered glutamatergic neurotransmission in Alzheimer's Disease

BACKGROUND: The role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is involved in the default mode network during resting state, and is dysfunctional in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to study the biochemical and metabolite profile in patients with AD, and compared with cognitive-normal healthy controls (HC) with no cognitive complaints …published_or_final_versio

Hippocampal MR spectroscopic abnormalities in a cohort of syphilitic patients with HIV and neurosyphilis infection

published_or_final_versio

Psychiatric assessment of suicide attempters in Japan: a pilot study at a critical emergency unit in an urban area

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The incidence of suicide has increased markedly in Japan since 1998. As psychological autopsy is not generally accepted in Japan, surveys of suicide attempts, an established risk factor of suicide, are highly regarded. We have carried out this study to gain insight into the psychiatric aspects of those attempting suicide in Japan.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Three hundred and twenty consecutive cases of attempted suicide who were admitted to an urban emergency department were interviewed, with the focus on psychosocial background and DSM-IV diagnosis. Moreover, they were divided into two groups according to the method of attempted suicide in terms of lethality, and the two groups were compared.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Ninety-five percent of patients received a psychiatric diagnosis: 81% of subjects met the criteria for an axis I disorder. The most frequent diagnosis was mood disorder. The mean age was higher and living alone more common in the high-lethality group. Middle-aged men tended to have a higher prevalence of mood disorders.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This is the first large-scale study of cases of attempted suicide since the dramatic increase in suicides began in Japan. The identification and introduction of treatments for psychiatric disorders at emergency departments has been indicated to be important in suicide prevention.</p

Measurement of metabolites longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) values for absolute quantification of 1H-MRS in aging brain at 3-Tesla

Traditional Poster Session - Neuro B: Aging & Dementia: abstract no. 0999T1 and T2 relaxation time values vary in different regions and magnetic environments. Though T1 and T2 correction factors are necessary in absolute quantification, previous MRS studies mainly obtained the values from literature since the measurements require much time to be conducted. In this 1H-MRS study of aging, T1 and T2 values were measured within the sampling population in order to achieve higher accuracy at 3-Tesla. This study demonstrated the measurements only take reasonable amount of time with our method employed.link_to_OA_fulltex

31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy on normal aging human brain at 3.0 Tesla

Theme: Translational Neuroscience: from Molecules to Ma

Proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy: absolute metabolite concentrations in normal aging human brain at 3Tesla

Conference Theme: From Public Health, Basic and Clinical Sciences to Therapeutic Insight

Differential brainstem atrophy patterns in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating disorders. It is clinically important to distinguish MS from NMOSD, as treatment and prognosis differ. Brainstem involvement is common in both disorders. PURPOSE: To investigate whether the patterns of brainstem atrophy on volumetric analysis in MS and NMOSD were different and correlated with clinical disability. STUDY TYPE: Case-control cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: In all, 17 MS, 13 NMOSD, and 18 healthy control (HC) subjects were studied. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: T1 -weighted and T2 w spin-echo images were acquired with a 3T scanner. ASSESSMENT: Semiautomated segmentation and volumetric measurement of brainstem regions were performed. Anatomical information was obtained from whole brain T1 w images using a 3D magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MPRAGE) imaging sequence (TR/TE/T: 7.0/3.2/800 msec, voxel size: 1 × 1 × 1 mm(3) , scan time: 10 min 41 sec). STATISTICAL TESTS: Independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, partial correlation, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar across the three groups, without significant difference in disease duration (P = 0.354) and EDSS score (P = 0.159) between MS and NMOSD subjects. Compared to HC, MS subjects had significantly smaller normalized whole brainstem (-5.2%, P = 0.027), midbrain (-8.3%, P = 0.0001), and pons volumes (-5.9%, P = 0.048), while only the normalized medulla volume was significantly smaller in NMOSD subjects compared to HC (-8.5% vs. HC, P = 0.024). Normalized midbrain volume was significantly smaller in MS compared to NMOSD subjects (-5.0%, P = 0.014), whereas normalized medulla volume was significantly smaller in NMOSD compared to MS subjects (-8.1%, P = 0.032). Partial correlations and multiple regression analysis revealed that smaller normalized whole brainstem, pons, and medulla oblongata volumes were associated with greater disability on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Functional System Score (FSS)-brainstem and FSS-cerebellar in NMOSD subjects. DATA CONCLUSION: Differential patterns of brainstem atrophy were observed, with the midbrain being most severely affected followed by pons in MS, whereas only the medulla oblongata was affected in NMOSD

Differential brainstem atrophy in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders among Hong Kong Chinese

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are the most common inflammatory demyelinating disorders of central nervous system in Hong Kong. Brainstem is commonly involved in both disorders. We aimed to study the regional brainstem atrophy of local MS and NMOSD patients. Methods: Semi-automated segmentation and volumetric measurement of brainstem were performed and compared among MS, NMOSD, and healthy controls (HC). Clinical symptoms and severity were graded using Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Kurtzke Functional System Scores (FSS). Associations between the volumes of interest (VOIs) and clinical disability scores were assessed by partial correlation and multiple regression analyses. Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable across the three groups, without significant difference in disease duration and severity between MS and NMOSD subjects. Normalised whole brainstem, midbrain, and pons volumes were significantly smaller in MS subjects compared to HC (-5.2%, P=0.027; -8.3%, P=0.000; and -5.9%, P=0.048; respectively) while only the normalised medulla volume was significantly smaller in NMOSD subjects compared to HC (-8.5% vs HC, P=0.024). Normalised midbrain volume was significantly smaller in MS compared to NMOSD subjects (-5.0%, P=0.014) while normalised medulla volume was significantly smaller in NMOSD compared to MS subjects (-8.1%, P=0.032). Smaller normalised whole brainstem, pons, and medulla oblongata volumes were associated with greater disability on EDSS, FSS-brainstem, and FSS-cerebellar in NMOSD patients. Conclusion: Our findings revealed different patterns of brainstem atrophy between MS and NMOSD patients. This can be related to different underlying pathologies and pathophysiological mechanisms

Altered hippocampal functional connectivity with PCC in SCI, MCI and AD

Brain imaging research has elucidated the structural and functional changes at the clinical stages of AD and MCI, however, the characteristics of resting-state functional connectivity of SCI are largely unstudied. Hippocampus is among the first regions targeted by AD pathology. In this study, we employed resting state fMRI to study the connectivity between hippocampus and posterior cingulate cortex in SCI, MCI and AD groups. In the preliminary results, the connectivity between hippocampus and PCC in SCI was found stronger than control and other two neurodegenerative groups which may suggest that compensatory mechanisms providing preserved hippocampal pathway in SCI