9 research outputs found
Susceptibility of the Box tree pyralid Cydalima perspectalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to potential biological control agents Neem (NeemAzal®-T/S) and entomopathogenic nematodes (Nemastar®) assessed in laboratory bioassays and field trials
The effect of elevated temperatures on food conversion efficiencies of Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis young adults feeding on Sitobion avenae
Productivity and resistance of okra (Abelmoschus spp.) to the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under tropical conditions
Food preference, growth and development of three aphidophagous ladybirds preying on conspecific and heterospecific eggs
Lima bean–lady beetle interactions: spider mite mediates sublethal effects of its host plant on growth and development of its predator
Behaviour and Population Dynamics of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Following Application
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis are widely used in inundative biological pest control programmes. It has long been recognised that increased understanding of the ecology of EPN is important for better predictions of field performance and environmental risk (Ehlers & Hokkanen, 1996; Gaugler, Lewis, & Stuart, 1997). Increasingly, EPN are also finding a place as model organisms for fundamental studies in behavioural ecology and evolutionary biology (Campos-Herrera, Barbercheck, Hoy, & Stock, 2012). In this chapter, I consider the fate of EPN used in biocontrol, focussing largely on inundative application to soil. The aim is to provide an overview of the transformation of a biotechnological product to an ecological entity, rather than a review of this rather broad topic. There are already several extensive reviews relevant to the subject, including EPN behaviour and their fate in soil (e.g. Griffin, 2012; Kaya, 2002; Lewis, Campbell, Griffin, Kaya, & Peters, 2006; Stuart, Barbercheck, Grewal, Taylor, & Hoy, 2006; see also Chap. 4). It should be noted that, while the concept of this chapter is to follow the fate of commercially produced EPN when applied to soil, many of the laboratory studies cited have used nematodes produced in insects rather than taken from commercial formulations