Perubahan makna leksikal ‘dedak’ di media dalam talian sumbangan kepada perkamusan Melayu

Bahasa merupakan medium penting dalam menyampaikan hasrat, sentimen, gagasan dan cetusan pemikiran. Bahasa juga dijadikan alat utama oleh masyarakat dalam menyalurkan maklumat tersurat atau tersirat. Gaya komunikasi masyarakat dunia telah berubah seiring dengan perkembangan dunia rangkaian jalur lebar yang menawarkan pelbagai perkhidmatan dalam talian termasuklah interaksi versi moden. Masyarakat kini lebih banyak meluangkan masa berinteraksi menggunakan platform teknologi maklumat. Perkembangan ini secara tidak langsung telah memberikan kesan kepada perubahan bahasa masyarakat. Oleh hal demikian, makalah ini meneliti perubahan makna kata ‘dedak’ dalam kedua-dua kamus yang dibandingkan iaitu Kamus R. O. Windstedt (1960) dan Kamus Dewan (2007) dengan melihat perubahan makna berasaskan masa. Sumber data kajian ini diperoleh daripada media sosial iaitu Facebook dan portal berita Malaysiakini dengan memanfaatkan Teori Tangan Ghaib oleh Keller (1994). Carian enjin google trends juga digunakan untuk melihat populariti kata ini digunakan oleh masyarakat. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa makna kata dedak tidak mengalami perubahan makna yang ketara dalam kedua-dua kamus yang dibandingkan. Namun, menerusi penggunaan bahasa masyarakat dalam media dalam talian didapati kata dedak telah mengalami perubahan makna yang drastik kesan daripada ledakan situasi sosiopolitik negara. Justeru, perubahan makna ini merupakan salah satu sumbangan penting kepada perkembangan perkamusan Melayu

Kedinamikan Bahasa Melayu di ambang perkembangan media dalam talian dari perspektif perubahan makna

Bahasa masyarakat dunia kini sedang mengalami perubahan drastik hasil daripada kemajuan komunikasi berasaskan pengkomputeran. Antara contoh medium komunikasi baharu berkaitan teknologi internet adalah media-media sosial dalam talian seperti facebook, instagram, twitter, blog dan sebagainya. Media-media sosial ini telahpun menjadi medium interaksi utama masyarakat moden. Kajian ini tertumpu pada menganalisis kata-kata Melayu yang dikesan mengalami peluasan makna di laman Facebook. Makalah ini memilih tiga contoh kata sebagai sampel perbincangan, iaitu kafir, kunyit dan sibuk. Ketiga-tiga kata ini dipilih berdasarkan kaedah pensampelan bertujuan dan trend penggunaannya telah disahkan dengan menggunakan Google Trends. Kerangka teori Tangan Ghaib oleh Keller (1994) dijadikan panduan untuk mengenalpasti motif-motif seseorang pengguna media sosial memilih sesuatu kata sehingga tercetusnya makna-makna yang baharu. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa ketiga-tiga contoh kata Melayu ini mempunyai trend penggunaan yang tinggi di Facebook dan telah mengalami peluasan makna yang menyimpang dari makna asalnya, iaitu kafir > “orang yang tidak Islamik”, kunyit > “golongan gay”, dan sibuk > “tak habis-habis”. Ketiga-tiga kata ini juga didapati mengalami peluasan makna pada kadar yang drastik, iaitu berubah dalam masa yang singkat selepas menjadi tular melalui perkongsian maklumat dalam kalangan pengguna media sosial, dan seolah-olahnya terdapat tangan ghaib yang mendorong makna-makna baharu ini terbentuk serta diakui sejagat dalam kalangan pengguna media sosial. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada bidang perkamusan Melayu, terutamanya dari segi meningkat kesedaran bahawa peluasan dan perubahan makna kata Melayu berlaku secara drastik susulan daripada perkembangan teknologi media sosial dan sedang memberi cabaran kepada perkamusan Melayu konvensiona

Flood analysis of December 2006: focus at Segamat Town, Johor

This study aimed to ascertain the causes of Segamat flood which occurred from 17 to 21 December 2006. Actvities include collection, evaluation and analysis of rainfall data from January 1998 to December 2006, and analysis of daily telemetry for water levels and discharge in December 2006. The daily, monthly and annual rainfall of Felda Medoi Station, Segamat were analyzed and correlated with the telemetry data. Based on the 9 years rainfall data, monthly rainfall in Segamat area ranged from 2.5 mm (Februari 2004) to 536.8 mm (January 2003). Monthly rainfall distribution from October to December 2006 increased from 118 mm to 435 mm but decreased (392 mm) in January 2007. Our result showed that extra ordinary heavy downpour, low and undulating topography of the study area was identified as the main cause for the Segamat flood. Keywords: 2006 Segamat flood; Felda Medoi station; stream flow; telemetry dat

3,5-Bis(4-hy­droxy­phen­yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine monohydrate

The triazole ring in the title compound, C14H12N4O2·H2O, makes dihedral angles of 36.9 (1) and 37.3 (1)° with the two benzene rings. Each hy­droxy group is a hydrogen-bond donor to a two-coordinate N atom of an adjacent mol­ecule; these O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds generate a layer parallel to the ab plane. Adjacent layers are linked by N—-H⋯O and Owater—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network

Surgical predictors of acute postoperative pain after hip arthroscopy

BACKGROUND: Pain following hip arthroscopy is highly variable and can be severe. Little published data exists demonstrating reliable predictors of significant pain after hip arthroscopy. The aim of this study was to identify influence of intraoperative factors (arthroscopic fluid infusion pressure, operative type) on the severity of postoperative pain. METHODS: A retrospective review of 131 patients who had received a variety of arthroscopic hip interventions was performed. A standardized anaesthetic technique was used on all patients and postoperative pain was analysed using recovery pain severity outcomes and analgesic use. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on intraoperative factors including patient age, sex and BMI, arthroscopic infusion pressures (40 vs 80 mm Hg), amount of fluid used, length of surgery and types of arthroscopic interventions performed. Thirty six patients were also prospectively examined to determine arthroscopic fluid infusion rates for 40 and 80 mm Hg infusion pressures. RESULTS: Use of a higher infusion pressure of 80 mm Hg was strongly associated with all pain severity endpoints (OR 2.8 – 8.2). Other significant factors included hip arthroscopy that involved femoral chondro-ostectomy (OR 5.8) and labral repair (OR 7.5). Length of surgery and total amount of infusion fluid used were not associated with increased pain. CONCLUSIONS: 80 mm Hg arthroscopic infusion pressures, femoral chondro-osteoectomy and labral repair are strongly associated with significant postoperative pain, whereas intraoperative infusion volumes or surgical duration are not. Identification of these predictors in individual patients may guide clinical practice regarding the choice of more invasive regional analgesia options. The use of 40 mm Hg arthroscopic infusion pressures will assist in reducing postoperative pain

Conformational flexibility and molecular interactions of an archaeal homologue of the Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome protein

RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are.Abstract Background Defects in the human Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome (SBDS) protein-coding gene lead to the autosomal recessive disorder characterised by bone marrow dysfunction, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and skeletal abnormalities. This protein is highly conserved in eukaryotes and archaea but is not found in bacteria. Although genomic and biophysical studies have suggested involvement of this protein in RNA metabolism and in ribosome biogenesis, its interacting partners remain largely unknown. Results We determined the crystal structure of the SBDS orthologue from Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus (mthSBDS). This structure shows that SBDS proteins are highly flexible, with the N-terminal FYSH domain and the C-terminal ferredoxin-like domain capable of undergoing substantial rotational adjustments with respect to the central domain. Affinity chromatography identified several proteins from the large ribosomal subunit as possible interacting partners of mthSBDS. Moreover, SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) experiments, combined with electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) suggest that mthSBDS does not interact with RNA molecules in a sequence specific manner. Conclusion It is suggested that functional interactions of SBDS proteins with their partners could be facilitated by rotational adjustments of the N-terminal and the C-terminal domains with respect to the central domain. Examination of the SBDS protein structure and domain movements together with its possible interaction with large ribosomal subunit proteins suggest that these proteins could participate in ribosome function.Published versio

Sun Tracking Systems: A Review

The output power produced by high-concentration solar thermal and photovoltaic systems is directly related to the amount of solar energy acquired by the system, and it is therefore necessary to track the sun's position with a high degree of accuracy. Many systems have been proposed to facilitate this task over the past 20 years. Accordingly, this paper commences by providing a high level overview of the sun tracking system field and then describes some of the more significant proposals for closed-loop and open-loop types of sun tracking systems

State-space Manifold and Rotating Black Holes

We study a class of fluctuating higher dimensional black hole configurations obtained in string theory/ $M$-theory compactifications. We explore the intrinsic Riemannian geometric nature of Gaussian fluctuations arising from the Hessian of the coarse graining entropy, defined over an ensemble of brane microstates. It has been shown that the state-space geometry spanned by the set of invariant parameters is non-degenerate, regular and has a negative scalar curvature for the rotating Myers-Perry black holes, Kaluza-Klein black holes, supersymmetric $AdS_5$ black holes, $D_1$-$D_5$ configurations and the associated BMPV black holes. Interestingly, these solutions demonstrate that the principal components of the state-space metric tensor admit a positive definite form, while the off diagonal components do not. Furthermore, the ratio of diagonal components weakens relatively faster than the off diagonal components, and thus they swiftly come into an equilibrium statistical configuration. Novel aspects of the scaling property suggest that the brane-brane statistical pair correlation functions divulge an asymmetric nature, in comparison with the others. This approach indicates that all above configurations are effectively attractive and stable, on an arbitrary hyper-surface of the state-space manifolds. It is nevertheless noticed that there exists an intriguing relationship between non-ideal inter-brane statistical interactions and phase transitions. The ramifications thus described are consistent with the existing picture of the microscopic CFTs. We conclude with an extended discussion of the implications of this work for the physics of black holes in string theory.Comment: 44 pages, Keywords: Rotating Black Holes; State-space Geometry; Statistical Configurations, String Theory, M-Theory. PACS numbers: 04.70.-s Physics of black holes; 04.70.Bw Classical black holes; 04.70.Dy Quantum aspects of black holes, evaporation, thermodynamics; 04.50.Gh Higher-dimensional black holes, black strings, and related objects. Edited the bibliograph

Brazilian Guidelines for Hereditary Angioedema Management - 2017 Update Part 1: Definition, Classification and Diagnosis

Hereditary angioedema is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by recurrent angioedema attacks with the involvement of multiple organs. The disease is unknown to many health professionals and is therefore underdiagnosed. Patients who are not adequately diagnosed and treated have an estimated mortality rate ranging from 25% to 40% due to asphyxiation by laryngeal angioedema. Intestinal angioedema is another important and incapacitating presentation that may be the main or only manifestation during an attack. In this article, a group of experts from the “Associação Brasileira de Alergia e Imunologia (ASBAI)” and the “Grupo de Estudos Brasileiro em Angioedema Hereditário (GEBRAEH)” has updated the Brazilian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hereditary angioedema