Flavor of Poultry Meat: A New Look at an Old Issue

In Japan, fast-growing broiler occupies over 90% of poultry meat production. Meanwhile, many of Japanese native breeds of chickens are on the verge of annihilation, because most of them have low meat yield and egg production. Recently, meat flavor produced from native chickens has been reevaluated in the Japanese market. Most high-quality chickens, “Jidori” in Japanese, were initially bred by crossing native Japanese breeds with highly selected lines with rapid growth rate or relatively high egg production. Japanese consumers recognize that the meat from Jidori chickens is more palatable than that from broiler chickens; however, the reason behind this rich flavor of Jidori meat has not been elucidated. We found that (1) the high arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4n-6) content is a characteristic feature of Hinai-jidori meat, (2) chicken meat containing higher levels of ARA is more palatable than that containing low ARA content, and (3) single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the fatty acid desaturase 1 and 2 gene cluster are associated with ARA content in meat. Our findings predict the beginning of a new era that the flavor of commercial chicken meat can be designed according to a commercial breeding program

AIJack: Let's Hijack AI! Security and Privacy Risk Simulator for Machine Learning

This paper introduces AIJack, an open-source library designed to assess security and privacy risks associated with the training and deployment of machine learning models. Amid the growing interest in big data and AI, advancements in machine learning research and business are accelerating. However, recent studies reveal potential threats, such as the theft of training data and the manipulation of models by malicious attackers. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of machine learning's security and privacy vulnerabilities is crucial for the safe integration of machine learning into real-world products. AIJack aims to address this need by providing a library with various attack and defense methods through a unified API. The library is publicly available on GitHub (https://github.com/Koukyosyumei/AIJack)

複数熱浴に結合した量子系に関する理論研究：μSRおよび非線形振動分光への応用

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(理学)甲第24437号理博第4936号新制||理||1705(附属図書館)京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻(主査)教授 谷村 吉隆, 教授 林 重彦, 教授 鈴木 俊法学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of ScienceKyoto UniversityDGA

Open Quantum Dynamics Theory of Spin Relaxation: Application to μ\muSR and Low-Field NMR Spectroscopies

An open quantum system refers to a system, which is in turn coupled to an environment that can describe time irreversible dynamics through which the system evolves toward the thermal equilibrium state. We present a quantum mechanically rigorous theory in order to help an analysis of spectra obtained from the advanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and muon spin rotation, relaxation or resonance ($\mu$SR) techniques. Our approach is based on the numerically "exact" hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) approach, which allows us to study the reduced system dynamics for non-perturbative and non-Markovian system-bath interactions at finite temperature even under strong time-dependent perturbations. We demonstrate the present theory to analyze $\mu$SR and low-field NMR spectra, as an extension of the Kubo-Toyabe theory focusing on the effects of temperature and anisotropy of a local magnetic field, to help further the development of these experimental means.Comment: 6 figure

Properties of Scalar-Quark Systems in SU(3)c Lattice QCD

We perform the first study for the bound states of colored scalar particles $\phi$ ("scalar quarks") in terms of mass generation with quenched SU(3)$_c$ lattice QCD. We investigate the bound states of $\phi$, $\phi^\dagger\phi$ and $\phi\phi\phi$ ("scalar-quark hadrons"), as well as the bound states of $\phi$ and quarks $\psi$, i.e., $\phi^\dagger\psi$, $\psi\psi\phi$ and $\phi\phi\psi$ ("chimera hadrons"). All these new-type hadrons including $\phi$ have a large mass of several GeV due to large quantum corrections by gluons, even for zero bare scalar-quark mass $m_\phi=0$ at $a^{-1}\sim 1{\rm GeV}$. We find a similar $m_\psi$-dependence between $\phi^\dagger\psi$ and $\phi\phi\psi$, which indicates their similar structure due to the large mass of $\phi$. From this study, we conjecture that all colored particles generally acquire a large effective mass due to dressed gluons

Discretized hierarchical equations of motion in mixed Liouville-Wigner space for two-dimensional vibrational spectroscopies of liquid water

A model of a bulk water system describing the vibrational motion of intramolecular and intermolecular modes is constructed, enabling analysis of its linear and nonlinear vibrational spectra as well as the energy transfer processes between the vibrational modes. The model is described as a system of four interacting anharmonic oscillators nonlinearly coupled to their respective heat baths. To perform a rigorous numerical investigation of the non-Markovian and nonperturbative quantum dissipative dynamics of the model, we derive discretized hierarchical equations of motion in mixed Liouville–Wigner space, with Lagrange–Hermite mesh discretization being employed in the Liouville space of the intramolecular modes and Lagrange–Hermite mesh discretization and Hermite discretization in the Wigner space of the intermolecular modes. One-dimensional infrared and Raman spectra and two-dimensional terahertz–infrared–visible and infrared–infrared–Raman spectra are computed as demonstrations of the quantum dissipative description provided by our model