8 research outputs found
The effect of fluoride on enamel and dentin formation in the uremic rat incisor
Renal impairment in children is associated with
tooth defects that include enamel pitting and hypoplasia.
However, the specific effects of uremia on tooth formation
are not known. In this study, we used rat mandibular incisors,
which continuously erupt and contain all stages of tooth
formation, to characterize the effects of uremia on tooth
formation. We also tested the hypothesis that uremia
aggravates the fluoride (F)-induced changes in developing
teeth. Rats were subjected to a two-stage 5/6 nephrectomy or
sham operation and then exposed to 0 (control) or 50 ppm
NaF in drinking water for 14 days. The effects of these
treatments on food intake, body growth rate, and biochemical
serum parameters for renal function and calcium
metabolism were monitored. Nephrectomy reduced food
intake and weight gain. Intake of F by nephrectomized rats
increased plasma F levels twofold and further decreased food
intake and body weight gain. Uremia affected formation of
dentin and enamel and was more extensive than the effect of
F alone. Uremia also significantly increased predentin width
and induced deposition of large amounts of osteodentin-like
matrix-containing cells in the pulp chamber. In enamel
formation, the cells most sensitive to uremia were the
transitional-stage ameloblasts. These data demonstrate that
intake of F by rats with reduced renal function impairs F
clearance from the plasma and aggravates the already
negative effects of uremia on incisor tooth development
Trace elements in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hemodialysis patients are at risk for deficiency of essential trace elements and excess of toxic trace elements, both of which can affect health. We conducted a systematic review to summarize existing literature on trace element status in hemodialysis patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>All studies which reported relevant data for chronic hemodialysis patients and a healthy control population were eligible, regardless of language or publication status. We included studies which measured at least one of the following elements in whole blood, serum, or plasma: antimony, arsenic, boron, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, fluorine, iodine, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, tellurium, thallium, vanadium, and zinc. We calculated differences between hemodialysis patients and controls using the differences in mean trace element level, divided by the pooled standard deviation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identified 128 eligible studies. Available data suggested that levels of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and vanadium were higher and that levels of selenium, zinc and manganese were lower in hemodialysis patients, compared with controls. Pooled standard mean differences exceeded 0.8 standard deviation units (a large difference) higher than controls for cadmium, chromium, vanadium, and lower than controls for selenium, zinc, and manganese. No studies reported data on antimony, iodine, tellurium, and thallium concentrations.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Average blood levels of biologically important trace elements were substantially different in hemodialysis patients, compared with healthy controls. Since both deficiency and excess of trace elements are potentially harmful yet amenable to therapy, the hypothesis that trace element status influences the risk of adverse clinical outcomes is worthy of investigation.</p