Understanding of work: The basis for competence development

Developing competence in organisations has received increased attention among both practitioners and academics during the last two decades. This chapter aims to investigate what constitutes competence development at work, that is, what makes competence development possible. Different theories of competence are outlined as a precursor to exploring what enables competence development at work. Based on that review, it is argued that understanding of work forms the basis for competence development. This chapter investigates what understanding is and how it operates by drawing on the phenomenological hermeneutic theory of understanding. It suggests that understanding is constituted by an inevitable circularity, in the sense that developing an understanding of work presupposes that it is already understood. Finally, the implications that this circular nature of understanding has for the way we develop competence at work are discussed

Oral autoimmune vesicobullous diseases: Classification, clinical presentations, molecular mechanisms, diagnostic algorithms, and management

Mucocutaneous blistering autoimmune diseases are a group of systemic, rare, chronic disorders characterized by humoral-mediated immunologic mechanisms against epithelial, basement membrane, and subepithelial tissues. Morbidity and mortality can be completely different among these diseases, with outcome being dependent on an early and accurate diagnosis, systemic comorbidities, and the patient's response to treatment. Definitive diagnosis is based on clinical and histopathologic findings. Because clinical presentations among these diseases are often similar, different immunofluorescence tests and ELISAs are used to confirm the specific diagnosis. Oral mucosa may often be the first site of clinical manifestation from which the disease spreads to other mucosal surfaces and skin. Thus, often dentists and oral medicine specialists may be the first to encounter patients with such diseases. In this review we discuss the most frequent autoimmune vesicobullous disorders, namely pemphigus vulgaris, mucous membrane pemphigoid, bullous pemphigoid, and linear IgA disease

Review of mass transfer aspects for biological gas treatment

This contribution reviews the mass transfer aspects of biotechnological processes for gas treatment, with an emphasis on the underlying principles and technical feasible methods for mass transfer enhancements. Understanding of the mass transfer behavior in bioreactors for gas treatment will result in improved reactor designs, reactor operation, and modeling tools, which are important to maximize efficiency and minimize costs. Various methods are discussed that show the potential for a more effective treatment of compounds with poor water solubility.BT/BiotechnologyApplied Science