EGGSHELL AND EGG CONTENT TRAITS IN PEKING DUCK EGGS FROM THE P44 RESERVE FLOCK RAISED IN POLAND

The egg quality of Peking ducks was evaluated on three different dates (the beginning, peak, end) of the first egg laying period. During the laying period the following increases were noted: in egg weight (from 71.7 to 86.7 g), in length (from 61.9 to 65.1 mm), in egg width (from 45.0 to 48.8 mm) and in eggshell area (from 81.7 to 92.7 cm2). Percentage of eggshell and albumen have decreased respectively from 10.1 to 9.6% and from 61.2 to 57.1%, while the yolk percentage has increased form 28.7 to 33.1%. The quality of egg albumen and yolk deteriorated with the age of the ducks. Increases in pH of both yolk (from 5.77 to 6.09) and egg albumen (from 8.06 to 8.70) were noted

THE EFFECT OF ADDING WHOLE WHEAT GRAIN TO FEED MIXTURE ON SLAUGHTER YIELD AND CARCASS COMPOSITION IN GAME PHEASANTS

The mean body weight of pheasant cocks (1226 g) and hens (946.9 g) receiving feed mixtures was lower than that of birds fed diets with wheat (♂ 1421.4 g, ♀ 953.2 g). The dressing percentage of both sexes pheasants fed wheat grain also (69.9%) was only 0.3% lower than in birds receiving feed mixtures only (70.2%). The carcasses of birds (♂♀) fed the diet with whole wheat grain contained more breast muscles (251.2 g), leg muscles (198.8 g) and other carcass components. The carcass percentage of breast muscles, leg muscles, wings and skin with fat was lower, and that of remainders of carcass higher in pheasants receiving wheat grain. In addition, the carcasses of pheasants (♂♀) fed the wheat diets were characterized by a higher weight of meat and fat and lower carcass meat and fat percentage

CECHY SKORUPY I TREŚCI JAJ KACZEK PEKIN ZE STADA REZERWOWEGO P44 UTRZYMYWANEGO W POLSCE

The egg quality of Peking ducks was evaluated on three different dates (the beginning, peak, end) of the first egg laying period. During the laying period the following increases were noted: in egg weight (from 71.7 to 86.7 g), in length (from 61.9 to 65.1 mm), in egg width (from 45.0 to 48.8 mm) and in eggshell area (from 81.7 to 92.7 cm2). Percentage of eggshell and albumen have decreased respectively from 10.1 to 9.6% and from 61.2 to 57.1%, while the yolk percentage has increased form 28.7 to 33.1%. The quality of egg albumen and yolk deteriorated with the age of the ducks. Increases in pH of both yolk (from 5.77 to 6.09) and egg albumen (from 8.06 to 8.70) were noted.Oceniano jakość jaj kaczek pekin w trzech terminach (początek, szczyt, koniec) pierwszego okresu nieśności. W czasie nieśności zwiększały się masa jaja (z 71,7 do 86,7 g), długość (z 61,9 do 65,1 mm) i szerokość jaja (z 45,0 do 48,8 mm) oraz powierzchnia skorupy (z 81,7 do 92,7 cm2). Procentowy udział skorupy i białka zmniejszały się (odpowiednio: z 10,1 do 9,6 i z 61,2 do 57,1%), a udział żółtka zwiększył się (z 28,7 do 33,1%). Wraz z wiekiem kaczek pogorszeniu uległa jakość białka i żółtka. Zanotowano zwiększenie wartości pH żółtka (z 5,77 do 6,09) oraz białka (z 8,06 do 8,70)

CARCASS COMPOSITION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF MEAT FROM BROILER CHICKENS OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN

Three commercial lines of broiler chickens, Ross 308, Hubbard Flex and Hubbard F15 were investigated. Preslaughter weight, weight of eviscerated carcass with neck and dressing percentage were the highest in Hubbard Flex and the lowest in Ross 308 chickens. Analysis of carcass composition showed statistically significant differences in the content of neck, wings, breast muscles, skin with subcutaneous fat, abdominal fat and remainders of the carcass. The highest muscle content (total proportion of breast and leg muscles in carcass) was found in Hubbard Flex chickens, and the lowest body fat content (total proportion of skin with subcutaneous fat and abdominal fat) in Ross 308 birds. Chicken origin had a significant effect on pH15, water holding capacity, colour lightness (L*), yellowness (b*) and aroma and juiciness of breast muscles

WPŁYW DODAWANIA CAŁEGO ZIARNA PSZENICY DO MIESZANKI PASZOWEJ NA WYDAJNOŚĆ RZEŹNĄ I SKŁAD TUSZKI BAŻANTÓW ŁOWNYCH

The mean body weight of pheasant cocks (1226 g) and hens (946.9 g) receiving feed mixtures was lower than that of birds fed diets with wheat (♂ 1421.4 g, ♀ 953.2 g). The dressing percentage of both sexes pheasants fed wheat grain also (69.9%) was only 0.3% lower than in birds receiving feed mixtures only (70.2%). The carcasses of birds (♂♀) fed the diet with whole wheat grain contained more breast muscles (251.2 g), leg muscles (198.8 g) and other carcass components. The carcass percentage of breast muscles, leg muscles, wings and skin with fat was lower, and that of remainders of carcass higher in pheasants receiving wheat grain. In addition, the carcasses of pheasants (♂♀) fed the wheat diets were characterized by a higher weight of meat and fat and lower carcass meat and fat percentage.Średnia masa ciała kogutów (1226 g) i kur (946,9 g) bażancich żywionych mieszankami paszowymi była mniejsza od ptaków karmionych dietą z udziałem pszenicy (♂ 1421,4 g, ♀ 953,2 g). Wydajność rzeźna bażantów obojga płci karmionych także ziarnem pszenicy (69,9%) była tylko o 0,3% mniejsza niż u ptaków otrzymujących tylko mieszanki paszowe (70,2%). Tuszki ptaków (♂♀) żywionych dietą z całym ziarnem pszenicy zawierały więcej mięśni piersiowych (251,2 g), nóg (198,8 g) i innych składników tuszki. Natomiast procentowa zawartość w tuszce mięśni piersiowych, nóg, skrzydeł, skóry z tłuszczem była mniejsza, a pozostałości tuszki większa u bażantów otrzymujących ziarno pszenicy. Ponadto tuszki bażantów (♂♀) karmionych dietą z pszenicą charakteryzowała większa masa mięsa i tłuszczu, a mniejszy ich procentowy udział w tuszce

EFFECT OF AGE AND SEX ON SLAUGHTER VALUE OF GUINEA FOWL ( NUMIDA MELEAGRIS)

The effects of age and sex of guinea fowl on their dressing percentage, carcass composition, pH value, water holding capacity, colour and sensory properties of meat was determined. At 16 weeks of age, males and females had significantly higher body weights and carcass weights compared to birds at 13 weeks of age. The carcasses of older birds contained more breast muscles, leg muscles and skin with subcutaneous fat, and less wings, with a significant difference for males. At both evaluation times, males compared to females had lower body weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, content of breast muscles and abdominal fat, and a higher proportion of leg muscles. Older birds had significantly lower redness (a*) values for breast muscles in males and for leg muscles in females

CARCASS COMPOSITION AND MEAT QUALITY OF GREY PARTRIDGE (PERDIX PERDIX L.)

The aim of the study was to determine the body weight, dressing percentage, carcass composition and physico-chemical and sensory properties of meat from grey partridge (Perdix perdix L.). At the age of 32 weeks, male and female grey partridge had similar body weight (301.4 g vs 299.5 g), carcass weight (218.2 g vs 216.0 g) and dressing percentage (72.4% vs 72.1%). Dissection analysis showed non- significant differences in carcass composition between males and females. The carcasses of males contained more leg muscles (17.4%), skin with subcutaneous fat (5.5%) and neck (3.4%), but less breast muscles (30.7%) and wings (8.8%) compared to the carcasses of females (17.0%, 5.3%, 3.3%, 31.1% and 10.7%, respectively). Compared to males, the breast muscles of females were characterized by significantly higher water holding capacity. In addition, females showed significantly (P? 0.05) lower values of lightness (L*), yellowness (b*) and tenderness of breast muscles compared to males