Telaprevir for Previously Treated Chronic HCV Infection

Cellular mechanisms in basic and clinical gastroenterology and hepatolog

European white paper: oropharyngeal dysphagia in head and neck cancer

Purpose To develop a European White Paper document on oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) in head and neck cancer (HNC). There are wide variations in the management of OD associated with HNC across Europe. Methods Experts in the management of specific aspects of OD in HNC across Europe were delegated by their professional medical and multidisciplinary societies to contribute to this document. Evidence is based on systematic reviews, consensus-based position statements, and expert opinion. Results Twenty-four sections on HNC-specific OD topics. Conclusion This European White Paper summarizes current best practice on management of OD in HNC, providing recommendations to support patients and health professionals. The body of literature and its level of evidence on diagnostics and treatment for OD in HNC remain poor. This is in the context of an expected increase in the prevalence of OD due to HNC in the near future. Contributing factors to increased prevalence include aging of our European population (including HNC patients) and an increase in human papillomavirus (HPV) related cancer, despite the introduction of HPV vaccination in various countries. We recommend timely implementation of OD screening in HNC patients while emphasizing the need for robust scientific research on the treatment of OD in HNC. Meanwhile, its management remains a challenge for European professional associations and policymakers.Otorhinolaryngolog

Avaliação do método de triagem para análise de milho contaminado com aflatoxinas pela fluorescência amarelo-esverdeada brilhante (BGYF- Bright Greenish Yellow Fluorescence) Evaluation of a screening method of aflatoxin in corn by Bright Greenish Yellow Fluorescence

A técnica da fluorescência amarelo-esverdeada brilhante (BGYF) como método de triagem na avaliação de milho eventualmente contaminado com aflatoxina, utilizada por uma indústria alimentícia do Estado de São Paulo em 61 amostras de milho, foi comparada com a técnica BGYF padronizada, aplicada em laboratório antes e após trituração dos grãos e, também, com a técnica da cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD). Os resultados da indústria geraram menor número de resultados falso-positivos do que a técnica BGYF padronizada. Por outro lado, apenas os resultados da indústria apresentaram amostras falso-negativas, ao contrário da BGYF padronizada, que não as apresentou. Conclui-se que existe uma inadequação do número de pontos fluorescentes adotados como critério de rejeição em ambas as técnicas, devendo-se proceder estudos, com maior número de amostras, para determinar o número adequado de pontos fluorescentes a ser adotado como critério além de outros fatores que possam influenciar a metodologia.<br>The bright greenish yellow fluorescence technique (BGYF) is a screening method for the evaluation of corn occasionally contaminated by aflatoxins, used by an industry of the State of São Paulo on sixty one samples, was compared with laboratory results of the BGYF standard technique, before and after crushing the grains, and also with thin layer chromatographic analysis. The industry showed results with a smaller number of false positives than the BGYF standard technique. However, the industry showed false negative results and the BGYF standard technique did not. It was concluded that the number of fluorescent points adopted, as a rejection criterion, in both techniques, was inadequate and studies should be developed with more samples to determine the adequate number of fluorescent points to be adopted as a rejection criterion and the influence of other factors