The Role of Information Theory in Gap-Filler Dependencies

The current study examines how formal grammar and information-theoretic complexity metrics can combine to account for processing cost incurred during incremental sentence comprehension. To this end, we modeled the eye-movement reading measures obtained from an experiment on the wh-in-situ construction in Mandarin Chinese. Framing our syntactic analysis in minimalist grammars, we obtained estimates of grammatical choice-point probabilities from the Penn Chinese Tree Bank, and derived values for two different complexity metrics, suprisal and entropy reduction, at each word of the target sentences. Both metrics accounted for a small but significant amount of the eye-movement data

On the sum of the two largest signless Laplacian eigenvalues

Let $G$ be a simple connected graph and let $S_k(G)$ be the sum of the first $k$ largest signless Laplacian eigenvalues of $G$. It was conjectured by Ashraf, Omidi and Tayfeh-Rezaibe in 2013 that $S_k(G)\leq e(G)+\binom{k+1}{2}$ holds for $1\leq k\leq n-1$. They gave a proof for the conjecture when $k = 2$, but applied an incorrect key lemma. Therefore, the conjecture is still open when $k = 2$. In this paper, we prove that $S_2(G)<e(G)+3$ is true for any graphs which also confirm the conjecture when $k = 2$.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

(Piperazin-1-ium-κN 4)tris­(thio­cyanato-κN)zinc(II)

Hydro­thermal reaction of NaSCN, piperazine, ZnII and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid in aqueous solutions gave rise to the title complex, [Zn(NCS)3(C4H11N2)]. The ZnII atom is four-coordinate with distorted tetra­hedral geometry and lies in a mirror plane. N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds assemble the mol­ecules to form a three-dimensional framework

5,5′-(p-Phenyl­ene)di-1H-tetra­zole

Crystals of the title organic compound, C8H6N8, were generated in situ through the [2 + 3]-cyclo­addition reaction involving the precursor 1,4-dicyano­benzene and azide in water with Zn2+ as Lewis acid. The asymmetric unit consists of one half-mol­ecule, and a twofold axis of symmetry passes through the centre of the benzene ring. There is an inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond. The mol­ecules are assembled into a three-dimensional supra­molecular framework by π–π stacking inter­actions, with a perpendicular distance of 3.256 Å [centroid–centroid = 3.9731 (8) Å] between two tetra­zole ring planes, and 3.382 Å between the benz­ene ring and tetra­zole ring planes [centroid–centroid = 3.5010 (9) Å]

Postoperative steroids after Kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia: A meta-analysis

AbstractAim: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if adjunct steroids affect jaundice-free, cholangitis, and survival rates after Kasai portoenterostomy. Methods: The literature was searched using the following terms: biliary atresia, portoenterostomy, steroids, glucocorticoids, dexamethasone, prednisolone, and hydrocortisone. The primary outcome was the jaundice-free rate. Secondary outcomes were cholangitis and survival rates. Results: Ten studies were included in the systematic review and 8 in the meta-analyses. Steroid treatment regimens were inconsistent between studies. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for the jaundice-free rate did not significantly favor steroid over non-steroid treatment (1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91–4.11; P = 0.087), nor did the pooled OR for the cholangitis rate (0.75; 95% CI: 0.48–1.17; P = 0.202). Overall survival ranged from 58 to 95% in the steroid group and from 36 to 96% in the control group. Native liver survival ranged from 30 to 56% in the steroid group and from 31 to 48% in the control group. The survival data were not suitable for meta-analysis. Conclusions: Although these results imply that adjunct steroids after Kasai portoenterostomy for BA may not improve jaundice-free or cholangitis rates, the quality of available evidence is limited and therefore not definitive. Additional high quality studies are needed

Cybernetic basis and system practice of remote sensing and spatial information science

Cybernetics provides a new set of ideas and methods for the study of modern science, and it has been fully applied in many areas. However, few people have introduced cybernetics into the field of remote sensing. The paper is based on the imaging process of remote sensing system, introducing cybernetics into the field of remote sensing, establishing a space-time closed-loop control theory for the actual operation of remote sensing. The paper made the process of spatial information coherently, and improved the comprehensive efficiency of the space information from acquisition, procession, transformation to application. We not only describes the application of cybernetics in remote sensing platform control, sensor control, data processing control, but also in whole system of remote sensing imaging process control. We achieve the information of output back to the input to control the efficient operation of the entire system. This breakthrough combination of cybernetics science and remote sensing science will improve remote sensing science to a higher level