Wigner distributions and GTMDs in a proton using light-front quark-diquark model

We investigate the Wigner distributions and generalized transverse momentum-dependent distributions (GTMDs) for $u$ and $d$ quarks in the proton by using light-front quark-diquark model. We consider the contribution of scalar and axial-vector diquark having spin-0 and spin-1 respectively. We take different polarization configurations of quark and proton to calculate the Wigner distributions. The Wigner distributions are studied in the impact-parameter space, momentum space and mixed space for $u$ and $d$ quarks in the proton. We also study the relation of GTMDs with longitudinal momentum fraction carried by the active quark $x$ for different values of $\zeta$ (skewness) which is defined as the longitudinal momentum transferred to the proton. Further, we study the GTMDs in the relation with $x$ for zero skewness $(\zeta=0)$ at different values of quark transverse momentum $\textbf{p}_\perp$ as well as at different values of total momentum transferred to the proton ${\bf \Delta}_\perp$.Comment: 40 pages, 17 figures. To appear in Nucl. Phys.

STUDY ON AUDIO AND VIDEO WATERMARKING

This paper gives the overview of audio and video watermarking. This paper introduces the basic requirements that affect the algorithms for audio and video watermarking which are perceptibility, robustness and security. The attacks which cause manipulations of the audio and video signals are also discussed. The common group of attacks on audio and video data is dynamics, filtering, conversion, compression, noise, modulation, time stretch and pitch shift, multiple watermark, cropping, rotation etc. The applications of audio and video watermarking are Fingerprinting, copyright protection, authentication, copy control etc. The audio watermarking techniques can be classified into Time-domain and Frequencydomain methods and video watermarking techniques are classified into spatial domain, frequency domain and formatspecific domain

Characterisation of resistance in wheat to Fusarium Head Blight complex

The plant pathobiome is described as a set of microorganisms that interact with each other and with the plant biotic environment to influence disease progress. Recent studies have led to the realisation that a disease in a plant is not always associated with single organisms rather is a result of complex interactions between various taxa, the host, and the environment. In this study, we investigated the pathobiome composition of diseased wheat kernels as well as the role of host genotype in determining the assembly of the Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) disease complex. For this purpose, we isolated Fusarium spp. from infected wheat spikes and conducted infection assays on wheat to observe the interaction within the FHB complex, as well as the possible role of the plant genotype in disease progression. The outcome suggested that complex interactions occur within the FHB complex, as well as between the complex and the wheat genotype to cause disease. Hence, the plant genotype has a role in how the communities within the pathobiome interact to cause disease

Prevalence of vitamin D and B12 deficiency in pregnant women in Jammu, India

Background: Micronutrient deficiency is pandemic proportions among pregnant women in India, but there is scarcity of searchable data on  coexistence vitamin D status  and Vitamin B 12 in pregnant women in Jammu and Kashmir, hence we have assessed the vitamin D as well as Vitamin B12 status in pregnant women attending outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital Jammu.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry Government Medical College Jammu during June 2019 to February, 2020 and after obtaining informed consent, a total of 150 pregnant women, attending SMGS Hospital Jammu were screened for their vitamin D (25 OH-D) and vitamin B12 status by using Abbott architect chemiluminescent micro particle immunoassay.Results: A total of 150 pregnant women were  screened in the study , 129 (86%) were found to be having insufficient vitamin D levels in their blood (<30 ngm/dl) and 105 ( 70%)  women showed severe deficiency with vitamin D levels below 20 ngm/dl.108 (72%) pregnant women had vitamin B12 deficiency with levels below 200 pgm/ml.Conclusions: The study revealed a high prevalence of coexistence of Vitamin D and Vitamin B12 deficiency in pregnant women, despite of abundant sunshine throughout the year and also with the consideration that people of this region are well off economically and can afford good nutrition

AN ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT TO ELECTROPOLISHING: CHEMICAL POLISHING

Anodic alumina template containing hexagonally ordered nanopores has been widely used over the last decade for the development of numerous functional nanostructures such as nanoscale sensors, computing networks, optoelectronic devices, thin film micro circuits, ultra filtration membranes, keying layers for organic adhesives to hard, wear and corrosion resistant layers and memories. The long range pore order requires the starting aluminum surface to be extremely smooth. Electropolishing is the most commonly used method for surface planarization prior to anodization. While prevalent, this method has several limitations in terms of throughput, polishing area and requirement of special experimental setups. In this work, we report a new treatment called-chemical polishing which offers a viable, simpler, safer and faster alternative to electropolishin

Pathogenic and molecular characterization of Fusarium moniliforme Sheld, the incitant of Fusarium maize stalk rot in the Punjab State of India

Fifty six isolates of Fusarium moniliforme collected from different maize cultivars grown in various regions of Pun- jab were characterized for their pathogenic variation and molecular diversity. Based on the multivariate cluster analysis of pathogenicity data, seven clusters were formed, each representing a specific disease reaction to a par- ticular maize hybrid/inbred line used in this study. The isolate Fm 10 was found the most virulent with an average disease index (ADI) of 66.6% whereas, Fm 45 was found least virulent with ADI of 42.5%. The sub-mountaneous undulating region of Punjab represented maximum percentile of least virulent isolates, however, undulating plain region of Hoshiarpur and Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of the State represented the most virulent zone of F. moniliforme isolates. Genetic diversity in the Punjab populations of F. moniliforme was studied using twenty random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, out of which 18 showed amplification with a total of 220 amplified fragments. Primer OPT-12 was found to be highly polymorphic with PIC value of 0.913 while OPT-9 was least polymorphic. The size of amplified DNA fragments ranged from 0.1-2.0 kb. Dendrogram based on molecular data generated by 18 RAPD primers showed six clusters with similarity percentage ranging from 36 to 96% and one independent lineage with 26% similarity coefficient. No correlation was obtained between the genetic diversity and pathogenic variation; however the latter was influenced by agro-climatic zones of north-western India. This was the first attempt to study the genetic diversity of F. moniliforme causing Fusarium stalk rot of maize in Punjab

Boxwood Dieback: Molecular Detection, In-Vitro Fungicide Efficacy, and Host Susceptibility for Managing a New Emerging Disease Caused by Colletotrichum Theobromicola

Boxwood (Buxus spp. L) is one of the most common and widely planted perennial ornamentals in both home gardens and commercial landscapes. Grown for its evergreen, dark green foliage, boxwood cultivation dates back to 4000 BC in Egypt. Although considered hardy, boxwood is susceptible to several plant pathogens. Recently reported boxwood dieback, a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola, has been spreading at an alarming rate within the United States. Boxwood dieback consists of symptoms that resemble to those caused by Phytophthora root rot, Volutella blight, and some abiotic disorders and can be easily misdiagnosed in nurseries and landscape plantings and may lead to ineffective management recommendations and practices. Additionally, previous studies have shown that it may take up to two to three months for the symptoms to appear under greenhouse conditions. Boxwood breeders and growers have shown great concerns regarding the disease due to its delayed onset of symptoms, non-availability of early, rapid, and accurate diagnostic tools, and lack of effective management practices. Therefore, the primary objectives of this study were to develop an accurate diagnostic method to detect the disease in boxwoods at early disease development stages and to devise effective disease management strategies including host range and screening of fungicide for their efficacy. A diagnostic TaqMan real-time PCR assay for in planta detection and quantification of C. theobromicola was developed. This species-specific assay targets calmodulin (CAL) gene and successfully detected the pathogen from symptomatic boxwood tissue at early stages of the disease development. Host range studies were conducted by screening a wide variety of boxwood cultivars under greenhouse conditions. Out of the 11 cultivars screened, ‘Little Missy’ was found to show latent infection to boxwood dieback. Finally, fungicide efficacy studies were conducted by screening nine chemical compounds to determine their effect on mycelial growth as well as spore germination inhibition of eight isolates of C. theobromicola collected from eight different states in the United States. Of the nine fungicides, difenoconazole+pydiflumetofen showed maximum mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition at 1 ppm active ingredient followed by fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin, and pyraclostrobin+boscalid at 5 ppm active ingredient. Azoxystrobin+benzovindiflupyr significantly inhibited mycelial growth at 1 ppm but reduced spore germination at 10 ppm active ingredient. This study provides the boxwood industry with much needed important and applied information regarding rapid and accurate detection, host susceptibility, and fungicide efficacy to effectively manage boxwood dieback and to reduce its further spread

Clustering Web Concepts Using Algebraic Topology

In this world of Internet, there is a rapid amount of growth in data both in terms of size and dimension. It consists of web pages that represents human thoughts. These thoughts involves concepts and associations which we can capture. Using mathematics, we can perform meaningful clustering of these pages. This project aims at providing a new problem solving paradigm known as algebraic topology in data science. Professor Vasant Dhar, Editor-In-Chief of Big Data (Professor at NYU) define data science as a generalizable extraction of knowledge from data. The core concept of semantic based search engine project developed by my team is to extract a high frequency finite sequence of keywords by association mining. Each frequent finite keywords sequences represent a human concept in a document set. The collective view of such a collection concepts represent a piece of human knowledge. So this MS project is a data science project. By regarding each keyword as an abstract vertex, a finite sequence of keywords becomes a simplex, and the collection becomes a simplicial complexes. Based on this geometric view, new type of clustering can be performed here. If two concepts are connected by n-simplex, we say that these two simplex are connected. Those connected components will be captured by Homology Theory of Simplicial Complexes. The input data for this project are ten thousand files about data mining which are downloaded from IEEE explore library. The search engine nowadays deals with large amount of high dimensional data. Applying mathematical concepts and measuring the connectivity for ten thousand files will be a real challenge. Since, using algebraic topology is a complete new approach. Therefore, extensive testing has to be performed to verify the results for homology groups obtained

Establishing cultural differences dealing with lockdown and the impact of COVID-19 on mental health services, UK

Part One: Systematic Literature ReviewThe systematic literature review looked at the impact of COVID-19 on mental health services. A literature search using five databases found fifteen papers that met the inclusion criteria. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT; Hong, 2018) was used to assess the quality of the papers and were analysed using Narrative synthesis. Three main themes were identified: service activity, impact on staff, and impact on clients. The findings revealed that COVID-19 has had both negative and positive impacts on mental health services and likely these are likely to be noticed for years to come.Part Two: Empirical PaperThe empirical paper investigated if there was a difference in how Collectivist and Individualistic cultures dealt with lockdown in relation to post-traumatic growth, adjustment, and psychological impact. Participants completed an online questionnaire which measured post-traumatic growth, adjustment, and psychological impact. The findings between the two groups were compared using a T-test to establish any significant cultural differences. A multiple regression was conducted if a significant difference was found to establish whether this was due to culture or other factors. The findings suggest that both cultural groups found lockdown equally difficult to adjust to and experienced the same psychological impact. However, those from a Collectivist background experienced more post-traumatic growth in response to lockdown. Clinical implications and future research are discussed.Part Three: AppendicesPart three consists of the appendices of both the systematic literature review and empirical paper. Epistemological and reflective statement are also included