New ways to identify novel bacterial antigens for vaccine development

This article provides an overview of developments in approaches to identify novel bacterial components for use in recombinant subunit vaccines. In particular it describes the processes involved in "reverse vaccinology", and some associated complementary technologies such as proteomics that can be used in the identification of new and potentially useful vaccine antigens. Results obtained from the application of these new methods are forming a basis for a new generation of vaccines for use in the control of bacterial infections of humans and animals

Laboratory Studies of Halocarbon Loss Processes

Improved laboratory data have been obtained from reactions of OH with 14 different halocarbons. The most significant changes were those in reactions with HCFC-141b (CH3CFC12), HCFC-142b (CH3CF2Ci), HFC-125 (CHF2CF3) and HFC-143a (CH3CF3). The largest change in rate constant at atmospheric temperatures is a decrease of about 30% for HCFC-141b. New evaluations of reaction rates of O(1D) with 8 different halocarbons were obtained. The branching ratios for the quenching of O(1D) to O(3p) were also obtained. In addition, reaction rates of CI (chlorine) with 18 different halocarbons were measured and the rates of reactions of NO 3 (nitrogen trioxide) with various halocarbons were found to be very slow (room temperature rates slower than 3 x 10-18 cm 3 molec _1 sec-1 ). Absorption cross sections (including temperature dependence) were re-evaluated for CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CFC-114 (CCIF2CCIF2), CFC-115 (CCIF2CF3) and the halons. Hydrolysis rates and Henry's Law constants for methyl chloroform and carbon tetrachloride have been reviewed in the context of recent data