Symmetry Classes of Spin and Orbital Ordered States in a t_{2g} Hubbard Model on a Two-dimensional Square Lattice

This paper presents symmetry classes of the Hartree-Fock (HF) solutions of spin and orbital ordered states in a t_{2g} Hubbard model on a two-dimensional square lattice. Using a group theoretical bifurcation theory of the Hartree Fock equation, we obtained many types of broken symmetry solutions which bifurcate from the normal state through one step transition in cases of commensurate ordering vectors Q_0=(0,0), Q_1=(\pi,\pi), Q_2=(\pi,0) and Q_3=(0,\pi). Each broken symmetry state is characterized by the presence of local order parameters(LOP) at each lattice site: quadrupole moment Q=(Q_2^2,Q_{12},Q_{23},Q_{31}), orbital angular momentum l=(l_1,l_2,l_3), spin density s=(s^1,s^2,s^3), spin quadrupole moment Q^{\lambda}=(Q_2^{2\lambda}, Q_{12}^{\lambda},Q_{23}^{\lambda},Q_{31}^{\lambda}) and spin orbital angular momentum l^{\lambda}=(l_1^{\lambda},l_2^{\lambda},l_3^{\lambda}) where \lambda=1,2,3. We performed numerical calculations for some parameter sets. Then we have found that many types of non-collinear magnetic orbital ordered states having LOP:Q^{\lambda} and l^{\lambda} can be the ground state for these parameter sets.Comment: 46 pages with 4 figure

Liquefaction Induced Permanent Ground Displacement in Niigata City

Permanent ground displacement resulting from the 1964 Niigata Earthquake were studied based on pre- and post-earthquake aerial surveys. In the area along the Shinano River and the Tsusen River, extensive large ground displacements up to about 10 m occurred towards the river, though the ground was almost flat. To ascertain the mechanism of such large ground displacement, several detailed soil investigations were conducted. And it was clarified that the gradient of the ground surface, the gradient of the bottom of the liquefied layer and the thickness of the liquefied layer were main factors affecting to the such large ground displacement

温泉療法による気管支喘息に対する年間薬剤費の削減

Costs of drugs used for the treatment for 1 year were compared before and after spa therapy in 16 patients with asthma in relation to disease severity. Asthma severity was classified as : stage 1 (intermittent), 2 (mild persistent), 3(moderate persistent), and 4(severe persistent). 1. The total cost of drugs used for each pa-tient for 1 year clearty decreased in all groups. The % decrease of the costs of drugs in each group was 27.2% in patients with stage 1, 43.5% in those with stage 2 and 34.1% in those with stage 3-4 (mean 34.5% ). The reduction of the cost of bronchodilators was predominant in patients with stage 3-4, and the decrease in the cost of corticosteroids predominant in those with stage 2. The reduction of costs of antiallertgics, mucolytics, and antibiotics was predominant in patients with stage 2 and stage 3-4. The % reduction in the cost of corticostroids was remarkable in patients with stage 2. The % decrease in the costs of mucolytics and antibiotics was predomi-nant in patients with stage 2 and stage 3-4. The results obtained here suggest that the costs of drugs used for asthmatics could be reduced by long-term spa therapy, and the reduction of the costs was larger as asthma stage became more severe.気管支喘息16例を対象に,治療のために要した年間薬剤費が温泉療法により削減可能であるのかどうかについて,国際ガイドラインの重症度分類(stageト4)別に若干の検討を加えた｡1.年間の総薬剤費は重症度別の全てのグループにおいて明らかに減少した.2.その削減率は,ステージ1で27.2%,ステージ2で43.5%,ステージ3-4で34.1%であり,その平均は34.5%であった｡3.気管支拡張剤の薬剤費の減少はステージ3-4で高度であり,副腎皮質ホルモンの薬剤費の減少はステージ2で著明であった｡また,抗アレルギー薬,去痩薬,抗生物質などの薬剤費の削減は,ステージ2および3-4で高度であった｡4.削減率では,去壊薬,抗生物質の削減率が,2および3-4で著明であった｡ 以上の結果より,温泉療法により,気管支喘息の治療に必要な薬剤費は削減可能であること,そして,温泉療法による薬剤費の削減は職息の重症度が高い症例でより高度であることが示唆された

長期間喫煙による気管支唱息,肺気腫の病態的変化

The influence of long-term cigarette smoking on the pathophysiology of chronic respiratory diseases with obstructive ventilatory dysfunction was discussed in patients with asthma and pulmonary emphysema (PE). 1. In patients with asthma, significant differences in the pathophysiology of the disease were observed between smokers and nonsmokers. A positive RAST score against inhalant allergens, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and LTB4 generation by leucocytes were significantly more increased in smokers than in nonsmokers. The values of FEV1/FVC and OLco were significantly more decreased, and % RV was significantly more increased in smokers than in nonsmokers. 2. In comparison of asthma with PE, IgE-mediated allergy was significantly more increased in smokers with asthma than in nonsmokers with asthma and in smokers with PE. The values of % FEV1, FEVl %, and % OLco were significantly higher in nonsmokers with asthma than in smokers with PE, however, the % OLco and % RV were not significantly different between smokers with asthma and those with PE. The % LAA of the lungs on HRCT was larger in patients with PE than in smokers and nonsmokers with asthma. The results suggest that cigarette smoking influences the pathophysiology of asthma and PE.長期間喫煙による気管支喘息および肺気腫の病態的変化について若干の検討を加えた｡1.気管支嘱喘息に関しては,喫煙例と非喫煙例との間に以下のような病態的特徴に差が見られた｡吸入抗原に対する特異的IgE抗体の陽性率,気道過敏性,白血球のI:TB4産生能はいずれも,喫煙例で非喫煙例に比べ有意の亢進を示した｡また,喫煙例では,非喫煙例に比べ,FEV1%や% DLcoは有意の低下,% RVは有意の増加傾向を示した｡2.喘息と肺気腫の比較では,IgEにmediateされるア レルギー反応は,喘息の非喫煙例や肺気腫(全て喫煙例)に比べ,喘息の喫煙例で有意の亢進が見られた｡% FEVl,FEV1,% DLco値はいずれも喘息の非喫煙例で,肺気腫と比べ有意に高い値を示したが,% DLcoと% RV値には,喘息の喫煙例と肺気腫の間に有意の差は見られなかった｡また,肺のHRCT上の% I.AAは,肺気腫において,喘息の喫煙例,非喫煙例いずれよりも有意に高い値を示した｡以上の結果より,長期間の喫煙が喘息や肺気腫の病態に影響を与えることが示された

Congenital prepubic sinus: A case report and review of the literature

AbstractCongenital prepubic sinus (CPS) is an extremely rare anomaly, which is often associated with purulent discharge from a midline opening overlying the pubis. CPS was first described by Campbell et al. in 1987 and they suggested that it might represent a variation in normal embryological development. Several theories have been proposed regarding the pathogenesis of CPS. However, the etiology of CPS is still unclear because the anatomical and pathological features of CPS often differ from each other. We report a case of CPS and review the literature to improve the global understanding of CPS

Characteristics of the elderly in high - resolution computed tomography lung densitometry

To determine the characteristics of the elderly in high - resolution computed tomography (HRCT) lung densitometry, mean lung density (MLD) and relative area of the lungs showing attenuation values less than -950 HU (RA(950)) on HRCT were evaluated in nonsmoking control subjects (n = 80) and patients with asthma (n = 80) in relation to their age and pulmonary function. MLD was significantly decreased, and RAW was significantly increased with increasing age in both asthmatics and controls. The MLD values were significantly lower in asthmatics compared with controls in subjects aged between 60 and 69 years and over age 70. RAgsov alues were significantly higher in asthmatics compared with controls in subjects aged between 50 and 59 years, between 60 and 69, and over 70. % FEV(1) and FEV(1) / FVC were significantly decreased in elderly asthmatic patients over 70 years of age compared with the values in those under 49. Percent residual volume (% RV) was significantly larger in patients over 70 years of age than in those between 50 and 59, and under 49 years. RAW was significantly larger in patients with steroid-dependent intractable asthma (SDIA) between 50 and 59 years of age, and between 60 and 69 compared with RA 950 in those without SDIA. However, RAW did not differ significantly between SDIA and non-SDIA in patients over age 70. The results suggested that in % LAA of the lungs on HRCT was significantly increased in the elderly subjects with and without asthma, and it was significantly higher in the elderly asthmatics than the elderly controls.高齢者の病態的特徴を明らかにするために，健常者80例および非喫煙喘息患者80例を対象として，平均肺CT値（MLD）ならびに高分解能CT（HRCT）による－950HU以下の肺low attenuation area（RA950）を評価し，年齢及び肺機能との関連を検討した。　 1．健常者，喘息患者いずれにおいても年齢とともにMLDは有意に減少し，RA(950)は有意に増加した。MLDは，60－69歳と70歳以上の年 齢層において，健常者に比して喘息患者で有意に低値を示した。RA(950)。は，50－59歳・60－69歳・70歳以上の年齢層において，健常者に比して喘息患者で有意に高値を示した。　 2．喘息患者において，1秒量（% FEV(1)）および1秒（FEV(1)/ FVC）は，49歳以下の年齢層に比して70歳以上の年齢層で有意に低値を示した。一方，残気量（% RV）は，50－59歳ならびに49歳以下の年齢層に比して70歳以上の年齢層で有意に高値を示した。 3．50－59歳および60－69歳の年齢層では，RA(950)は，ステロイド依存性重症難治性喘息（SDIA）患者において非SDIA患者に比して有意に高値を示した。しかし，70歳以上の年齢層では両者に有意の差は認められなかった。これらの結果より，HRCT上の肺low attenuation areaは高齢者において有意に増加すること，さらに嘱息患者の方が健常者に比してより高値を示すことが示唆された

Relationship between postural balance and knee and toe muscle power in young women.

Muscle power in the lower extremities and body sway were measured in 57 healthy young women volunteers in their 20's. Body sway was measured with a stabilimeter for 30 sec during two-leg standing, and for 10 sec during one-leg standing with the eyes open or closed, alternating between right and left legs (5 times each). The measured parameters of body sway were locus length per time unit, locus length per environmental area, environmental area, rectangle area, root mean square area, and the ratio of sway with eyes closed to sway with eyes open. Knee flexor and extensor power and toe flexor and abductor power were the measures representing lower extremity muscle power. The increase in sway with the eyes closed was more marked during one-leg standing than two-leg standing, as expected. We found that 36 of 57 subjects (62%) were unable to maintain one-leg standing with their eyes closed, and this failure correlated with marked body sway (P = 0.0086). Many subjects had one leg that was classified as stable and the other leg classified as unstable. Clearly, testing of both legs alternately with eyes closed is necessary to measure the full range of sway in subjects. Lower extremity muscle power did not appear to be the dominant factor in maintaining balance in these young subjects.</p

Diagnostic sensitivity of motor nerve conduction studies in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow.

Seventy-six patients with ulnar neuropathy at the elbow were divided into 3 classes (Grades I, II, and III) according to their clinical features and the maximal motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV), and the amplitude ratios at the across-elbow segment were retrospectively analyzed. To determine the criteria for abnormality, a control study was conducted on 150 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 20 to 89 years (6 age groups). The normal value for MCV could be set for two age groups: those under 60 and those over 60 years old. The 95% confidence limit was 54m/s for the former and 50m/s for the latter. There was no statistically significant difference in the amplitude ratio among the age groups. The confidence limit was set uniformly at 0.82 (above elbow/below elbow). An abnormality in either MCV or the amplitude ratio was found in 66.7% of Grade I (recent and mild symptoms), 89.7% of Grade II (persistent symptoms), and 100% of Grade III cases (marked intrinsic muscle atrophy). Evaluation using the combination of MCV and the amplitude ratio, considering the age-related normal value, appeared to be useful in establishing a differential diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow.</p

Spa therapy for patients with respiratory disease. Clinical efficacy and action mechanisms of the therapy on asthma

呼吸器疾患に対する温泉療法は,最近の22年間にわたり行われてきた結果,その有用性は十分明かとなっている｡この22年の間に,温泉療法を受ける対象もかなり変わってきており,例えば気管支喘息では,ステロイド依存性重症難治性喘息の全症例に対する割合は明 らかに低くなってきている｡また,COPDでは最近全症例に対する肺気腫の割合も,また症例数も著明に増加しつつある｡一方,温泉療法を求めて来院される症例数は年ごとに増加する傾向にあり,初期の5年間と比べ,最近の5年間では,気管支喘息では8.2倍,また肺気腫では 34.8倍の増加が観察されている｡呼吸器疾患に対する温泉療法の作用機序としては,直接作用として,自･他覚症状の改善,換気機能の改善,気道過敏性の改善,気道抵抗の低下,肺の過膨脹の改善,過分泌の抑制などが観察される｡一方,間接作用としては,副腎皮質機能の改善,精神的リラックス,抗酸化酵素であるSOD活性の克進などが観察され,これらの間接作用も気管支喘息の病態改善に重要な役割を果しているものと考えられる｡Spa therapy which has been performed for patients with respiratory disease, particularly for those with asthma and pulmonary emphysema for last 22 years demonstrates that spa therapy is effective for asthma and pulmonary emphysema. The characteristics of patients with respiratory disease has been changing during last 22 years : the frequency of patients with steroid-dependent intractable asthma (SDIA) tends to decrease inspite of an increase in number of those with asthma who has been admitted at Misasa Medical Center for spa therapy. The frequency and number of patients with pulmonary emphysema has been increasing in recent years. Spa therapy has direct action mechanism for airways such as improvement of subjective and objective symptoms, and improvement of ventilatory function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and hyperinflation of the lungs. The therapy has also indirect action mechanism for other organs excluding the airways such as improvement of suppressed function of adrenocortical glands, psychological relaxation, and an increase in SOD activity. These indirect actions of spa therapy play an important role in treatment of the disease

慢性閉塞性肺疾患患者における温泉療法の６分間歩行に対する効果

Our previous studies have shown that subjective symptoms and ventilatory function are improved by spa therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the present study, we investigated the effects of spa therapy on six-minute walk distance in patients with COPD . Subjects were 10 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (9 males and 1 female) admitted to our hospital to undergo pulmonary rehabilitation. All patients had complex spa therapy (swimming training in a hot spring pool, inhalation of iodine salt solution, and fango therapy) for 4 weeks. Ventilatory function, six-minute walk distance, oxygen saturation and Borg scale were measured. Vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, sixminute walk distance and oxygen saturation increased, but not significantly. Significant decreases were observed for Borg scale. We found that spa therapy improved ventilatory dysfunction and six-minute walk distance in patients with COPD. The results demonstrated that spa therapy may lead to better disease control and exercise tolerance in patients with COPD.我々は温泉療法が慢性閉塞性肺疾患患者に対して, 呼吸機能改善効果を有することを報告してきた｡今回我々は慢性閉塞性肺疾患患者を対象に温泉療法の６分間歩行試験に及ぼす影響について検討した｡当院入院中の慢性閉塞性肺疾患患者10例(男性９例, 女性１例) を対象として, 温泉プール水中運動, 鉱泥湿布療法, ヨードゾル吸入療法等による複合温泉療法を4週間施行し, その間の呼吸機能, ６分間歩行試験における歩行距離, 動脈血酸素飽和度, 修正Borgスケールの変化を比較検討した｡呼吸機能検査では, 肺活量, １秒量 等の改善傾向が認められた｡６分間歩行距離, 動脈血酸素飽和度は上昇傾向にあった｡修正Borgスケールは有意に低下傾向した｡温泉療法により呼吸機能の改善が得られ, これにより動脈血酸素 飽和度及び６分間歩行距離が上昇したと考えられた｡温泉療法が慢性閉塞性肺疾患の治療に有用であることが示唆された