Exact solutions of the Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation using Darboux transformations

We study the Gerdjikov-Ivanov (GI) equation and present a standard Darboux transformation for it. The solution is given in terms of quasideterminants. Further, the parabolic, soliton and breather solutions of the GI equation are given as explicit examples.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure

Hub and spoke trade agreements under oligopoly with asymmetric costs

Using an oligopoly model of trade, we study the individual and world welfare implications of hub and spoke trade agreements. Under a hub and spoke regime, the hub country can benefit at the expense of the spokes relative to free trade. Furthermore, if the hub is sufficiently efficient compared to the spokes, such a regime can yield higher global welfare than free trade. Preferential treatment of the hub country in its export markets improves world welfare because it helps allocate a larger share of the world's output to a low cost location

Invariants of hyperbolic partial differential operators

We present a construction of a large class of Laplace invariants for linear hyperbolic partial differential operators of fairly general form and arbitrary order

Hub and spoke trade agreements under oligopoly with asymmetric costs

Using an oligopoly model of trade, we study the individual and world welfare implications of hub and spoke trade agreements. Under a hub and spoke regime, the hub country can benefit at the expense of the spokes relative to free trade. Furthermore, if the hub is sufficiently efficient compared to the spokes, such a regime can yield higher global welfare than free trade. Preferential treatment of the hub country in its export markets improves world welfare because it helps allocate a larger share of the world's output to a low cost location.oligopoly, hub and spoke trade agreements, global free trade

Hub and Spoke Trade Agreements under Oligopoly with Asymmetric Costs

Using an oligopoly model of trade with asymmetric costs, we study the individual and world welfare implications of a hub and spoke trade agreement where the hub country is more efficient than spoke countries. Under a hub and spoke trade regime, the hub country can benefit at the expense of the spokes relative to free trade. Furthermore, if the hub is sufficiently efficient compared to the spokes, such a regime can yield higher global welfare than free trade. Preferential treatment of the efficient hub country in its export markets improves world welfare because it helps allocate a larger share of the world's output to a low cost location.oligopoly, hub and spoke trade agreements, global free trade

Foreign Direct Investment and Customs Union: Incentives for Multilateral Tariff Cooperation over Free Trade

We examine the implications of a customs union (CU) on the pattern of tariffs, welfare and the prospects for free trade when the nonmember firm has an incentive to engage in foreign direct investment (FDI). First we show that upon the formation of a bilateral CU, the non-member firm has greater incentives to engage in FDI. However, when FDI becomes a feasible entry option for the nonmember firm under a CU, member countries have incentives to strategically induce export over FDI by lowering their joint external tariff. When fixed set-up cost of FDI is sufficiently low, this tariff falls below Kemp-Wan tariff and CU leads to a Pareto improvement relative to no agreement. Moreover, using an infinite repetition of the one-shot tariff game under a CU, we show that FDI incentive of the nonmember firm makes the member countries (nonmember country) more (less) willing to cooperate multilaterally over free trade.Customs Union, Foreign Direct Investment, Multilateral Tariff Cooperation.

A Means to Closing Gaps: Disaggregated Human Development Index

human development, human security, peace

On Darboux transformations for the derivative nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation

We consider Darboux transformations for the derivative nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. A new theorem for Darboux transformations of operators with no derivative term are presented and proved. The solution is expressed in quasideterminant forms. Additionally, the parabolic and soliton solutions of the derivative nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation are given as explicit examples.Comment: 14 page

FREE TRADE, AUTARKY AND THE SUSTAINABILITY OF AN INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENT

We determine the impact of free trade on the sustainability of an international environmental agreement (IEA) and incorporate it into the assessment of the net benefits of opening up to free trade. We show that such an analysis can reverse the conclusions reached within a standard one-shot game framework. First, we examine a one shot game and argue that the benefits from an increase in economic activity due to free trade outweigh the extra cost of free trade associated with larger environmental damage. Then, we analyze the infinite repetition of the one-shot game where countries can use trigger strategies and show that there exist circumstances where an IEA is sustainable under autarky but not under free trade. This aggravates the environmental damages caused by free trade and leads to the possibility that autarky may welfare dominate free trade. This conclusion remains valid even when countries adopt the most cooperative environmental policy when the "fully cooperative" environmental policy is not sustainable.