Maternalismo, políticas públicas e benemerência no Brasil (1930-1945) Maternalism, state policy, and women's philanthropic activities in Brazil (1930-1945)

Este artigo tem por objetivos: 1. revisitar as propostas das entidades filantrópicas organizadas e administradas por mulheres na primeira metade do século XX; 2. repensar o papel que tiveram na elaboração de programas e no estabelecimento de políticas públicas; 3. chamar a atenção para a necessidade de uma releitura do movimento feminista brasileiro. O encaminhamento destes tópicos será feito a partir da análise do discurso maternalista. A pesquisa baseou-se principalmente na documentação levantada nos arquivos da Cruzada Pró Infância, entidade fundada em 1930, na cidade de São Paulo, e focalizará as propostas referentes à proteção da maternidade feitas pela sua diretora-presidente Pérola Byington, entre 1930-1945.<br>The objectives of this study are: 1. To review the proposals of philanthropic entities, organized and managed by women in the first half of the 20th century; 2. To rethink the role they played elaborating programs and establishing public policies; 3. To call attention to the need of reviewing the Brazilian feminist movement. The guide for these topics will be based on the analysis of the maternalist discourse. The research was based on documents from the archives of the Cruzada Pró Infância (Crusade Pro-Childhood) an entity founded in the city of Sao Paulo in 1930. It will focus on the proposals for maternity protection elaborated by Pérola Byington, its managing director between 1930-1945

Mechanical properties of an ultrafine-grained Al-7.5 pct Mg alloy

In the present study, the relationships between the structure and properties of a cryomilled Al-7.5 pct Mg alloy were investigated. The microstructure of the cryomilled Al-7.5 pct Mg alloy consisted of equiaxed grains with an approximate size of 300 nm. Thermal treatment had only a minor effect on microstructure, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results. The tensile behavior was characterized by high strength, high ductility, and low-strain-hardening. The tensile deformation was relatively uniform, with limited necking deformation, and fracture surfaces were characterized by microdimples. The variation of strain rates from 4 (.) 10(-4) to 4 (.) 10(-2) s(-1) had an insignificant effect on tensile behavior. Comparison of compressive and tensile behavior revealed similar moduli and yield strengths, although the postyield behavior was markedly asymmetric. The present results indicate that grain-size effects, solid-solution strengthening, Orowan strengthening, and dislocation strengthening contribute significantly to the properties of a cryomilled Al-7.5 pct Mg alloy.close9710