Strategic Planning for Spatial Development in the Historical Tissue of Yazd City with a Tourism Approach

Due to unplanned interventions to preserve, restore or renovate Yazd historical tissue and / or because of lack of sufficient attention, some adverse effects have damaged physical, social and cultural tissue of Yazd city. Therefore, it cannot attract the Iranian and foreign tourists, as well as it is appropriate to visit and use all valuable spaces in this historical tissue and as a results, it has­ greatly reduced the attractions of this city specifically tourist attractions. Strategic planning for spatial development is a kind of planning that has been used in this study to develop touristic spaces in Yazd. This planning creates the best environments for the harmonious development and decentralization of attractions specially tourist attractions by using analytical and descriptive method and by presenting the appropriate strategies. Therefore, data collection was done through using questionnaires and the statistical population was determined by application of Cochran formula and then swot analytic model as well as weighting model was used to analyze the obtained results. This planning approach analyzed the factors influencing the spatial development of tourism in Yazd in form of internal and external factors which realize the goals such as developing touristic attractions in all valuable areas of historical tissue, distributing and using facilities and services, using external facilities of the area and improving the quantitative and qualitative levels of touristic places. The most important result of this study is to provide four strategies including; defensive, conservative, aggressive and competitive strategies to develop tourism in Yazd as the first adobe and the second historical city in the world. It has been predicted possible to a high percentage and to create a stable unity in all places of Yazd historical tissue to attract more tourists to Yazd. Besides, by using an appropriate strategic planning and spatial development, and using all available  potentials  in historical tissue, many shortcomings can be removed to meet the tourists' needs and to optimize Yazd touristic space

Evaluating the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Interactive Thinking in Improving Architectural Design Process

The idea of thinking in ​​architectural design has long been one of the hallmarks of this process. On the other hand, according to the new definitions of emotional intelligence in the field of psychology, it can be concluded that if the parameters of this phenomenon are used positively and effectively, it is possible to promote the architectural design process among architecture students. Thus, identifying the related areas between emotional intelligence and interactive thinking in the architectural design process can play a significant role in promoting the creativity of future architects. For this purpose, the present study investigates the mutual relationship between emotional intelligence and interactive thinking in order to promote creativity in the architectural design process. To this end, after identifying the necessary infrastructures to develop either of these two phenomena, a mutual relationship between these two phenomena is discussed. It should be noted that the present study is descriptive and analytical and the evaluation is done through a questionnaire among some students of architecture at Damavand University. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence parameters and interactive thinking prerequisites for developing creative skills in architectural design process

Further Evaluation of the Relationship between Enhanced Consistency Model and Safety of TwoLane Rural Roads in Israel and Germany

Crashes on two-lane rural highways are over-represented at horizontal curves, and speed inconsistency is a common contributing factor to these crashes. Road Consistency reflects the similarity or lack thereof of vehicle performance along an entire road segment. Consistency is measured by estimating the speed variation along successive geometric elements and evaluation of the speed deviation from the average speed. Because it has been shown in the past that speed variability has an impact on safety, it was hypothesized that design consistency is also related to safety. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between road design consistency and crash probability on two-lane rural highways. An enhanced consistency model is applied to examine this relationship in Israel and Germany. This consistency model is based on both the horizontal and vertical alignments and takes into account the impact of trucks and grades on road consistency. A statistically significant model that showed a reduction in average crash numbers per year with an increase in consistency is presented and discussed. It was found that the Israeli and German models have a similar trend. The enhanced-consistency model and the software may be used relatively easily to determine consistencies of different alternatives during the planning of new highways or the reconstruction of existing roads. Planners and decisionmakers could be advised of potential design deficiencies during the design process and consequently, modify a proposed design and thus improve safety levels and save lives

Explaining the Role of Changing Components of the Problem on Increasing Creativity in the Field of Architectural Design Competitiveness

Knowledge has long been in the field of human knowledge. In the evolutionary history of science, many theories and hypotheses have been proposed and proven. This category reflects the fundamental changes in the way of thinking in human knowledge. In the contemporary era, knowledge faces more complex issues. Therefore, achieving growth and production in any field using new methods based on future vision is one of the pillars of human knowledge. In the field of studies, the process of architectural design, the growth and development of creativity, that is, how the idea arises and develops in the mind. Creative results in the field of architecture can be the result of changing components of the problem according to recognizing the existing contradictions in the field of architectural design process. Since design process involves the emergence, evolution, metamorphosis of ideas, and formation of concepts, one of the topics in the design process is conceptual tradition. Conceptual tradition by changing the way of thinking, offers creative solutions to enhance the way of knowing and solving the optimal problem. The role of conceptual tradition in the development of the architectural design process is by changing the components of the design problem. On the other hand, competitiveness is the basis for the growth and enhancement of architectural design field. Therefore, achieving meaningful relationship between changing the components of the problem and competitiveness in architectural design, to increase creativity in the field of architectural design is a necessity of research. The research method has been “deductive reasoning” and using “analytic-descriptive” measures, with quantitative and qualitative approach. Questionnaire is used for field survey. To validate the data, standard evaluation tools and theories of Delphi expert community have been cited. Preliminary data extracted from the first stage in eight architectural projects eligible for research were evaluated through Delphi and related factors were extracted. Finally, using pls software and regression test based on the extracted data, the research hypotheses were proved

Strategic Planning for Spatial Development in the Historical Tissue of Yazd City with a Tourism Approach

Due to unplanned interventions to preserve, restore or renovate Yazd historical tissue and / or because of lack of sufficient attention, some adverse effects have damaged physical, social and cultural tissue of Yazd city. Therefore, it cannot attract the Iranian and foreign tourists, as well as it is appropriate to visit and use all valuable spaces in this historical tissue and as a results, it has­ greatly reduced the attractions of this city specifically tourist attractions. Strategic planning for spatial development is a kind of planning that has been used in this study to develop touristic spaces in Yazd. This planning creates the best environments for the harmonious development and decentralization of attractions specially tourist attractions by using analytical and descriptive method and by presenting the appropriate strategies. Therefore, data collection was done through using questionnaires and the statistical population was determined by application of Cochran formula and then swot analytic model as well as weighting model was used to analyze the obtained results. This planning approach analyzed the factors influencing the spatial development of tourism in Yazd in form of internal and external factors which realize the goals such as developing touristic attractions in all valuable areas of historical tissue, distributing and using facilities and services, using external facilities of the area and improving the quantitative and qualitative levels of touristic places. The most important result of this study is to provide four strategies including; defensive, conservative, aggressive and competitive strategies to develop tourism in Yazd as the first adobe and the second historical city in the world. It has been predicted possible to a high percentage and to create a stable unity in all places of Yazd historical tissue to attract more tourists to Yazd. Besides, by using an appropriate strategic planning and spatial development, and using all available  potentials  in historical tissue, many shortcomings can be removed to meet the tourists' needs and to optimize Yazd touristic space

Clear Sky Global Surface Solar Irradiance Estimation from Bird & Hulstrom Radiometric Model/MODIS Atmospheric Data Combination

Estimation of solar irradiance received on the ground is essential in many solar energy applications, particularly those relying on concentrating solar technologies. In this work, we propose a model to estimate the spatial distribution of global Surface Solar Irradiance (SSI) from a Bird & Hulstrom radiometric model/MODIS atmospheric data combination. The theoretical model selected is the radiometric model of Bird & Hulstrom, and it has been modified to take into account the effect of the atmosphere by adding a transmittance function that obeys the Beer-Lambert law, implemented with atmospheric parameters (water vapor, ozone, aerosols, etc.) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) atmospheric products. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is tested on the Algerian territory. The obtained results show that the proposed approach concurs with results provided by the tested Meteosat data-based method while providing SSI maps of better spatial resolution. Moreover, the obtained solar irradiances show a root mean square error of about 140 Wh.m-2 in comparison with the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) radiation extracted from the Solar Radiation Database for the environment (SoDa) server

Literature Review Konsumsi Protein, Zat Besi, dan Vitamin C dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri

Remaja rentan terkena masalah gizi salah satunya anemia. Masalah anemia pada remaja putri harus segera ditangani karena dapat menyebabkan tingginya angka kematian kematian ibu, tingginya insiden bayi berat lahir rendah, dan kematian prenatal yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tingkat konsumsi protein, zat besi, dan vitamin C dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri. Penelitian ini adalah studi literature review . Sumber data yang digunakan yaitu dari data base Google Scholar dan Portal Garuda dengan rentang waktu 2017- 2021. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu tingkat konsumsi protein, zat besi, vitamin C , dan anemia pada remaja putri. hasil keseluruhan artikel yaitu 16 artikel. Hasil 7 dari 16 artikel menunjukkan terdapat hubungan tingkat konsumsi protein dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri. 10 dari 16 artikel menunjukkan terdapat hubungan tingkat konsumsi zat besi dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri, dan 4 dari 16 artikel menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan tingkat konsumsi vitamin C dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri. Kesimpulan dari literature review ini yaitu konsumsi protein , zat besi dan vitamin C pada remaja putri masih dalam kategori kurang. Terdapat hubungan konsumsi protein, dan zat besi dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri. dan tidak terdapat hubungan konsumsi vitamin C dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri. remaja putri disarankan untuk mengkonsumsi makanan yang beragam agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan gizinya

Rereading the spatial structure model of middle class housing by using the paradigm of Complex systems theory (CST)

This research seeks to present a new model of influencing factors on formation spatial structure of middle class housing in Tehran by using the complex systems theory paradigm. Understanding of changes in spatial structure of housing due to transformations of internal and external factors at design time has provided necessary background for this research. The research has been done with a practical-developmental purpose and descriptive-analytical method. Data has been collected in a combined (qualitative and quantitative) manner. In this research, layered models have been presented by review of complex systems paradigm concepts and matching it with housing spatial structure factors. Spatial structure models consist of three main factors: design dimensions, rules and regulations and building elements. The components of rules and regulations have been identified by review of documents content and library studies, components of spatial structure design dimensions have also been expressed accordance with theoretical foundations of sustainable development and design. Importance of design dimensions has been measured by asking experts in field of housing design by using fuzzy hierarchical analysis method. Analysis show that priority and importance each of design dimensions: environmental/ climate, cultural/ social and economic/ technological are variable in each housing spatial structure. The results of research show that change of any spatial structure under influence of internal and external transformations in different locations causes change of all spatial structures. To achieve quality of residential spaces based on transformations, the model provides necessary data for planning and intelligently usage at the time of design

Rapid Response Flood Water Mapping

Since the beginning of operation of the MODIS instrument on the NASA Terra satellite at the end of 1999, an exceptionally useful sensor and public data stream have been available for many applications including the rapid and precise characterization of terrestrial surface water changes. One practical application of such capability is the near-real time mapping of river flood inundation. We have developed a surface water mapping methodology based on using only bands 1 (620-672 nm) and 2 (841-890 nm). These are the two bands at 250 m, and the use of only these bands maximizes the resulting map detail. In this regard, most water bodies are strong absorbers of incoming solar radiation at the band 2 wavelength: it could be used alone, via a thresholding procedure, to separate water (dark, low radiance or reflectance pixels) from land (much brighter pixels) (1, 2). Some previous water mapping procedures have in fact used such single band data from this and other sensors that include similar wavelength channels. Adding the second channel of data (band 1), however, allows a band ratio approach which permits sediment-laden water, often relatively light at band 2 wavelengths, to still be discriminated, and, as well, provides some removal of error by reducing the number of cloud shadow pixels that would otherwise be misclassified as water