THE RELATIONSHIP OF RISK MANAGEMENT AND BANK PROFITABILITY PERFORMANCE BETWEEN DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN ISLAMIC BANKS IN MALAYSIA

Purpose: This study is to determine the effects of risk management towards the domestic and foreign Islamic bank’s financial performance in Malaysia. The ten Islamic banks in Malaysia have been chosen as the sample bank in which domestic and foreign banks were equally divided. The credit risk, liquidity risk as well as solvency risk acted as the independent variables to determine the effects towards the bank’s profitability as measured by return on equity. Methodology: The panel data analysis has employed fixed effect and random effect regression models and the Hausman test in this study. Furthermore, the independent sample T-test was conducted to examine the significant difference between domestic and foreign Islamic banks. Result: The finding of this study showed that liquidity risk and insolvency risk would have a greater impact towards the Islamic bank’s profitability while the credit risk has no significant influence on Islamic bank’s financial performance in Malaysia. The study concludes that domestic Islamic banks had better financial performance as compared to foreign Islamic banks in Malaysia. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of The Relationship of Risk Management and Bank Profitability Performance between Domestic and Foreign Islamic Banks in Malaysia is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Online Learning Support in a Ubiquitous Learning Environment

The ubiquitous learning environment (ULE) is both an ontological and epistemological problem. For most scholars, ULE provides an interoperable, pervasive, and seamless learning architecture to connect, integrate, and share three major dimensions of learning resources: learning collaborators, learning contents, and learning services. Furthermore, ULE is described as an educational paradigm that mainly uses technology for curriculum delivery. Through reflection and exploration, this chapter argues that online learning support has a symbiotic relationship with ULE because the student, at some point, should move beyond the “text” level into concepts and conceptual organization schemes (ontologies). In line with this viewpoint, this chapter problematizes the gap created by real-world and digital-world resources—and argues that online learning support for teaching and learning processes have not yet emulated ULE as an important pedagogical resource.Institute for Open and Distance Learning (IODL