A comparative study of green and chemical approaches for photocatalytic activity of novel hybrid bismuth magnesium ferrites (BiMgFe2O4) nanoparticles for Acid Red-88 dye degradation

Uncontrolled release of several dangerous pollutants had negatively impacted the environment causing water pollution and retarded plant growth. Recently, nanoferrites utilized as photocatalyst to eliminate water pollutants. The benefits of hybrid photocatalyst have significantly improved separating and charge transfer capabilities. In the present investigation novel bismuth magnesium ferrites (BMF - BiMgFe2O4) are synthesized via conventional solution combustion method using green and chemical approach. The particles are confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM),Energy disperse X-ray diffraction analysis (EDX), UV-DRS (UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy). The observed crystalline size for the nanoparticles synthesized by green and chemical approach is 25.15 nm and 18.55 nm respectively. Analyzed band gap observed is 2.89 eV and 1.98 eV for green and chemical approach that are confirmed by employing UV-DRS technique. The outcomes obtained from studies are verified with capable applications in photocatalytic degradation. The application of BiMgFe2O4 as catalyst for decolourisation of acid red 88 (AR-88) dyes under visible irradiation at room temperature exhibits superior photocatalytic activity for BiMgFe2O4 is 74.22 % and 85.27 % using green and chemical approach for 120 min respectively. It's significant that the environmental impact of the whole procedure has been assessed with regard to the development of green gram plants utilizing the treated wastewater exhibiting effective plant growth. The overall feasibility of the research presented here provides the opportunity to apply chemically synthesized BMF acts as superior photocatalyst for pollutants from particles in practical applications related to wastewater treatment and other applications in daily life. Using degraded water yields productive plant growth

Novel synthesis of Cu2ZnAl2O4 nanostructures for photocatalytic and electrochemical sensor applications

Hybrid nanostructured materials currently offer a potential approach for a variety of applications due to improvements in their physio-chemical characteristics. Techniques for XRD, TEM-HRTEM, SAED, and UV-DRS were used to characterize the Cu2ZnAl2O4 (CZA) material. Without any secondary phases and with an average crystallite size of 40 ​nm, X-ray diffraction pattern examination demonstrates the increased crystalline structure. A highly crystalline, polydisperse CZA nanostructure was visible using TEM-HRTEM and SAED. The CZA nanostructure's light-absorbing behavior is presented by UV-DRS analysis, which found that the predicted bandgap energy was 5.0 ​eV. In this article, we describe an easy chemical synthesis of a hybrid CZA nanostructure that works well as a catalyst to break down the acid red 88 (AR-88) dye under UV, sunlight, and low light conditions. Additionally, it was studied to determine how to modify the working electrode's surface to enable the detection of lead and tin metal ions. With 93.1% of degradation and comparison work on decolorizing AR-88 dye in the presence of both sunlight and darkness, CZA nanostructure was looked at as a potential catalyst for the decolorization of AR-88 dye. By using graphite electrode paste and cyclic voltammetry to analyze the synthesized sample in 1 ​N KCl, it was discovered that it had outstanding redox reaction and lead and tin detection capabilities

Nanoferrites in photocatalytic wastewater treatment: Advancements, characterization, and environmental implications

Water is the fundamental and indispensable component of every organism on earth.Yet, as a consequence of urbanization and industrialization; sources of clean water have been polluted with dyes that are unsafe to aquatic creatures. Nanoferrites is a photocatalytic material having an incredible narrow band gap, physico-chemical equilibrium, a large porosity, excellent separation of carrier’s effectiveness, and paramagnetism, making it easily recoverable. As a result, ferrites act as a role of photocatalyst for wastewater treatment. In this review, the photocatalytic degradation of the dyes using nanoferrites as a host, bimetal, trimetal with doped and composite forms is covered. Characterizations including XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDAX, TEM, BET, UV-DRS, TGA and Raman spectroscopy are used for investigation and confirm the development and design of nanoferrites. The synthesis of nanoferrites, implemented in photocatalytic research demonstrated their improved ability to degrade cancer-causing dyes and their ability to be recycled for additional cycles of examination has been summarized. Photocatalysis is a simple and ecologically beneficial process provides the most recent and beneficial concept for cleaning wastewater using specifically manufactured nanoparticles. The fundamental objective of biological approaches, green nanoparticle manufacturing, multiple chemical and green synthesis strategies, the benefits of greener chemistry, and its usage in photocatalysis for the degradation of industrial dyes are all addressed in this review article. Overall, this study looks at the manner in which photocatalysis research may be advanced by employing ferrite synthesized using chemical and green methods for better environmental monitoring and zero energy waste.Approaches for modification have been emphasized, including elemental doping, composite synthesizing, and morphological modification. By using these modification techniques, ferrite's catalytic activity for the photocatalytic breakdown of organic pollutants in water has been enhanced. The manufacture scale of nanoferrites utilizing inexpensive, energy-efficient, and environmentally conscious methods are referred to as chemical synthesis and biological synthesis in which they are recognized as a potential synthesis approach that employs diverse chemical and biological ingredients respectively. Future study will focus significantly on the combination of various modification strategies to improve ferrites' photocatalytic activity

An in-depth exploration of eco-friendly synthesis methods for metal oxide nanoparticles and their role in photocatalysis for industrial dye degradation

A lot of emphasis has been paid to the greener method of synthesizing nanomaterials since it is a viable, dependable, cost-effective, wealthy, and eco-friendly paradigm. Perhaps using a greener method of synthesis is seen as a smart tool to reduce the hazardous effects added to the traditional methods of synthesis suited for nanomaterials that are often preferred in industry and lab. This book describes the fundamental procedures on the sophisticated eco-friendly and green synthesis patterns and techniques, with special attention paid to metal and metal-based oxides. Wastewater from the textile sector, which contains chemicals like dye and other pollutants, is a substantial source. The environment suffers severe damage when hundreds of tons of dye used in textile processing and finishing are released into natural streams and aquatic bodies. Numerous studies have been conducted utilizing low-cost technologies to create absorbents that can remove colours from water bodies in response to environmental concerns. Different methods have been used to remove dyes, including adsorption, enzymatic and photocatalytic degradation, etc. The most current and valuable concept for treating wastewater, utilizing specially produced nanomaterials, is photocatalysis, a straightforward and environmentally friendly method. This review article covers the primary goal of biological methods, green nanoparticle production, numerous green synthesis techniques, the benefits of greener chemistry, and its use in photocatalysis for the degradation of industrial dyes. Overall, this review explores the way for advancements in photocatalysis research using metal oxides synthesized by green methods for the better environmental monitoring and zero energy waste

Costus Pictus Leaf Extract Mediated Biosynthesis of Fe and Mg Doped CuO Nanoparticles: Structural, Electrochemical and Antibacterial Analysis

In the present paper, we portray a novel and rapid green extract assisted combustion synthesis for the preparation of pure, Mg doped CuO and Fe doped CuO nanoparticles (NPs) using different concentrations of Costus pictus leaf extract (20 ml, 40 ml, 60 ml, and 80 ml). The structural morphology of these NPs was investigated by Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Using the Rietveld refinement method XRD patterns were refined which specified the formation of the monoclinic structure without any multiphase and also confirmed that Mg and Fe ions are successfully doped into CuO crystal lattice by occupying Cu ionic sites. Finally, versatile investigations of antibacterial susceptibility and electrochemical sensing were carried over the CuO NPs

Advanced strategies for hydrogen generation by rhodium metal catalysts coated by the electrodeposition method

The theory and kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on electrodeposited rhodium in acidic media (0.5 M H2SO4 solution) were looked into. An electrodeposition approach using direct current (DC) and pulse current (PC) was used to deposit rhodium on a stainless steel 304 (SS304) substrate. Several parameters, including rhodium concentrations, current densities, temperature, pH, and coating duration, were used to optimise the rhodium bath. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses were used to assess the change in surface shape and chemical composition. The best coating was demonstrated at PC 75% duty cycle with an optimised current density of 4.0 A/dm2, which was better than the remaining PC cycles and DC source coating, indicating the most productive activity for hydrogen production. The activity of Rh catalyst coatings resembled that of pure platinum metal. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry (CP), and potentiodynamic polarisation techniques were studied to determine the HER. The results obtained from the PC technique with a 75% duty cycle give more HER performance

Sunlight photocatalytic performance of Mg-doped nickel ferrite synthesized by a green sol-gel route

We report an environmentally friendly synthetic strategy to synthesize new nickel ferrite and Mg doped nickel ferrite photocatalysts under modified green sol-gel route in which Aloe Vera gel acts as a natural template. The crystalline phase, surface morphology and size of the prepared photocatalysts were characterized by PXRD, SEM, TEM and HRTEM analysis. The energy band gap of the nanoparticles (NPs) can be tuned in the range of 2.55–2.34 eV by varying the dopant concentration. The photoluminescence analysis indicates that the present NPs are an effective white component in display applications. These synthesized NPs were used for photocatalytic decomposition of recalcitrant pollutants in aqueous media under sunlight irradiation. Among investigated samples, the NiFe2O4: Mg2+ (1 mol %) exhibits the highest photocatalytic efficiency for the decomposition of recalcitrant pollutants, which is higher than that of the commercial P25. This enhancement in photocatalytic performance can be mainly attributed to the balance between the parameters, crystallanity, band gap, morphology, crystallite size, defects, dopant amount and combined facets of photocatalysis. It opens a new window to use this simple greener route to synthesize bi-functional NPs in the area of photocatalysis particularly waste water treatment and display applications. Keywords: NiFe2O4:Mg2+NPs, Green sol-gel route, Photoluminescence, Photo-Fenton catalytic performanc

Luminescence properties of MgO: Fe3+ nanopowders for WLEDs under NUV excitation prepared via propellant combustion route

Nanoparticles of Fe3+ doped (0–9 mol %) MgO were prepared using low temperature (400 °C) solution combustion technique using glycine as fuel. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns of the as-formed product exhibit cubic phase without further calcination. The effect of Fe3+ ions on luminescence properties of MgO was studied and results were discussed in detail. The phosphors exhibit strong red emission upon 378 nm (6A1(6S) → 4E(4G)) excitation. The characteristic photoluminescence (PL) peaks recorded at ∼513, 618 and 720 nm were attributed to transition of 4E + 4A1 (4G)→6A1 (6S), 4T2 (4G)→6A1 (6S), 4T1 (4G)→6A1 (6S) respectively. Further, the sample exhibit strong red emission at 720 nm, as a result the phosphor was useful for the applications for (NUV) excitation. The intensity of red emission was attributed to intrinsic defects, especially oxygen-vacancies, which could assist the energy transfer from the MgO host to the Fe3+ ions. The Commission International De I-Eclairage chromaticity co-ordinates were calculated from emission spectra and the values (x,y) were very close to National Television System Committee standard value of white emission. Therefore, the present phosphor was highly useful for display applications

Energy storage, sensors, photocatalytic applications of green synthesized ZnO: Fe3+ nanomaterials

ZnO nanomaterials doped with Fe3+ ions at concentrations ranging from 1 % to 7 % were synthesized using an environmentally friendly combustion technique. These materials were then analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Visible DRS). The resulting crystallite size was determined to be between 20 nm and 25 nm. By applying the Kubelka-Munk function, the band gap was calculated and found to vary from 2.55 eV to 2.99 eV. For the investigation of electrochemical properties, modified carbon paste electrodes containing ZnO: Fe3+ (1–7 mol%) were subjected to cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Notably, the ZnO: Fe3+ (1 mol%) electrode demonstrated promising characteristics for supercapacitor applications. This same electrode was also utilized for detecting paracetamol and glucose at concentrations ranging from 1 mM to 5 mM using CV and chronoamperometry techniques, underscoring its potential as an electrochemical sensor. Moreover, the photocatalytic capability of ZnO: Fe3+ (1 mol%) nanomaterial was assessed through the degradation of Methylene Blue and Acid Orange-8 dyes. The results were impressive, with this particular photocatalyst achieving 94.45 % degradation of Methylene Blue and 96.29% degradation of acid orange-8 dye. These outcomes validate its efficacy for applications in photocatalytic dye degradation. In conclusion, the ZnO: Fe3+ (1 mol%) nanomaterial synthesized via environmentally friendly means exhibits substantial promise for diverse applications in electrochemical and photocatalytic domains

Synthesis of strontium oxide nanoparticlesby probe sonication method: Its photocatalytic activity and electrochemical sensor studies

In this paper, we report on the synthesis of strontium oxide nanoparticles (SONPs) using a novel probe sonication method. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) was used to characterize the physicochemical properties of the prepared materials, which confirmed that the average SrO crystallite size was 43 ​nm. The Kubelka-Monk function of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) was used to confirm the average energy gap of SONPs (4.06 ​eV). SONPs have been successfully used in conjunction with inventive photocatalysts to remove dyes such as Methylene Blue (MB) and Acid Green (AG). MBand AG dyes were used as standard dyes to investigate the photocatalytic properties of NPs when exposed to UV light and sunlight.These nanometal oxides photodegrade methylene blue (87.70%) and acid green (71.20%) dyes with remarkable efficiency when exposed to UV light. These nanometal oxides demonstrated superior sensitivity when paracetamol was used as an analyte in cyclic voltammetry tests at various scan speeds (10 ​mV/s to 50 ​mV/s). As a result, SONPs may be useful in photocatalytic activity and electrochemical sensor applications