1 research outputs found
ΠΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΎΡΡΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ
Introduction. Wilkie syndrome is a pathological manifestation caused by an abnormal disorder of the superior mesenteric artery arising from the abdominal part of the aorta. As a result, the distal part of the duodenum is compressed between the abdominal aorta, spine, and SMA, which creates a hindrance for the passage of himus in the duodenum, creating a mechanical obstruction.Aim: To draw the surgeonsβ attention towards the possibility of developing a rare complication of decreased aorto-mesenteric angle and the distance, highlighting the challenges in diagnosis and treatment.Materials and methods. This article presents a clinical case of WS diagnosed in the surgical department of the BSMU clinic. We hereby discuss the case report of a 28-year-old patient diagnosed at the initial stage of WS. The patient had been suffering from the symptoms of WS since 2018 but wasnβt able to identify the disease, but when he came to the surgical department of BSMU clinic based on the results of abdominal CT-scan with combined contrast of the stomach and duodenum per os with water-soluble contrast and computer angiography of the mesenteric vessels, the diagnosis was confirmed. The patient was treated with the duodenojejunostomy (laparoscopic Strongβs operation).Results and discussion. Absence of timely diagnosis of this disease can lead to life-threatening complications, and early diagnostics is complicated by similarity of initial manifestations with other gastropancreaticoduodenal diseases. One of the most promising approach in the diagnosis of Wilkie syndrome is the use of abdominal CT-scan with combined contrasting of the stomach and duodenum per os with water-soluble contrast and computer angiography of vessels. In the present clinical case due to the given combination of methods we can assess functional state of the stomach and duodenum, clearly visualize not only the organs topography but also estimate the aorto-mesenteric angle and distance, which can further determine the type and tactics of initial stage treatment, which we decided to perform surgery (laparoscopic Strongβs operation). The postoperative period was without complications. The patient noted an improvement in the state and the relief of pain in the epigastrium and was discharged after 9 days of hospitalization in satisfactory condition.Conclusion. For diagnosis and treatment in time as well as prevention of possible complications, it is necessary to improve surgeonsβ information about this pathology, which if diagnosed and treated late can lead to severe, life-threatening complications up to death. The diagnosis at the initial stages, specifically with the assistance of computer tomography with contrast, angiography, and treatment in a timely manner, can preserve life and prevent the possible outcomes of fatal complications.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ Π£ΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠΈ β ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π±ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡ Π±ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π°ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΄Π²Π΅Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π±ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π΄Π²Π΅Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΎΡΡΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ½ΡΠ² ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Π£ΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠΈ Ρ 28-Π»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π² Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ£. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Π£ΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠΈ Ρ 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ£ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ’-ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π΅Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ per os Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° Π΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ (Π»Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π‘ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π³Π°).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Π£ΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ’-ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π΅Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ per os Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π΅Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ², Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π°ΠΎΡΡΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ» ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅ (Π»Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π‘ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π³Π°). ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π» Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π» ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» Π²ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 9 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ
, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ