1,638 research outputs found
Contact forces in regular 3D granular pile
We present exact results for the contact forces in a three dimensional static
piling of identical, stiff and frictionless spheres. The pile studied is a
pyramid of equilateral triangular base (``stack of cannonballs'') with a FCC
(face centered cubic) structure. We show in particular that, as for the two
dimensional case, the pressure on the base of such a pile is uniform.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Reply to "Comment on `First-principles calculation of the superconducting transition in MgB2 within the anisotropic Eliashberg formalism'"
The recent preprint by Mazin et al. [cond-mat/0212417] contains many
inappropriate evaluations and/or criticisms on our published work [Phys. Rev. B
66, 020513 (2002) and Nature 418, 758 (2002)]. The preprint
[cond-mat/0212417v1] was submitted to Physical Review B as a comment on one of
our papers [Phys. Rev. B 66, 020513 (2002)]. In the reviewing process, Mazin et
al. have withdrawn many of the statements contained in cond-mat/0212417v1,
however two claims remain in their revised manuscript [cond-mat/0212417v3]: (1)
the calculated variations of the superconducting energy gap within the sigma-
or the pi-bands are not observable in real samples due to scatterings, and (2)
the Coulomb repulsion mu(k,k') is negligibly small between sigma- and pi-states
and thus should be approximated by a diagonal 2 x 2 matrix in the sigma and pi
channels. Here, we point out that the former does not affect the validity of
our theoretical work which is for the clean limit, and that the latter is not
correct
Inconsistency of QED in the Presence of Dirac Monopoles
A precise formulation of local gauge invariance in QED is presented,
which clearly shows that the gauge coupling associated with the unphysical
longitudinal photon field is non-observable and actually has an arbitrary
value. We then re-examine the Dirac quantization condition and find that its
derivation involves solely the unphysical longitudinal coupling. Hence an
inconsistency inevitably arises in the presence of Dirac monopoles and this can
be considered as a theoretical evidence against their existence. An
alternative, independent proof of this conclusion is also presented.Comment: Extended and combined version, refinements added; 20 LaTex pages,
Published in Z. Phys. C65, pp.175-18
Non-Abelian, Self-Dual Chern-Simons Vortices Coupled to Gravity
In this article we consider Chern-Simons/Higgs theory coupled to
gravity in three-dimensions. It is shown that for a cylindrically symmetric
vortex both the Einstein equations and the field equations can be reduced to a
set of first-order Bogomol'nyi equations provided that we choose a specific
eighth-order potential.Comment: 21 pages, LATEX, no figure
Nonperturbative Aspect of Axial Vector Vertex in the Global Color Symmetry Model
It is shown how the axial vector current of current quarks is related to that
of constituent quarks within the framework of the global color symmetry model.
Gluon dressing of the axial vector vertex and the quark self-energy functions
is described by the inhomogeneous Bethe-Salpeter equation in the ladder
approximation and the Schwinger-Dyson equation in the rainbow approximation,
respectively.Comment: 10 page
Design and fabrication of double pancake coil using 2G wire for conduction cooled superconducting magnet
AbstractA large bore double pancake coil(DPC) was designed and tested with 2G HTS wire to develop the conduction cooled superconducting magnet with central field intensity of 3 T at 20K operating temperature and clear bore of 100mm at room temperature. The effect of insulation between turns of double pancake coils was tested. Two double pancake coils with and without turn to turn insulation were wound using 4mm wide 2G conductor. A temporary result suggests that the coil wound without electrical insulation can be protected from higher over current and shows improved stability
Spatial antibunching of photons with parametric down-conversion
The theoretical framework behind a recent experiment by Nogueira et. al.
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 86}, 4009 (2001)] of spatial antibunching in a two-photon
state generated by collinear type II parametric down-conversion and a
birefringent double-slit is presented. The fourth-order quantum correlation
function is evaluated and shown to violate the classical Schwarz-type
inequality, ensuring that the field does not have a classical analog. We expect
these results to be useful in the rapidly growing fields of quantum imaging and
quantum information.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Minor changes made, accepted for publication in
PR
Pion Form Factors in Holographic QCD
Using a holographic dual model of QCD, we compute the pion electromagnetic
form factor F_pi(Q^2) in the spacelike momentum transfer region, as well as
pion couplings to vector mesons g_rho^(n) pi pi. Spontaneous and explicit
chiral symmetry breaking are intrinsic features of this particular holographic
model. We consider variants with both ``hard-wall'' and ``soft-wall'' infrared
cutoffs, and find that the F_pi(Q^2) data tend to lie closer to the hard-wall
model predictions, although both are too shallow for large Q^2. By allowing the
parameters of the soft-wall model (originally fixed by observables such as
m_rho) to vary, one finds fits that tend to agree better with F_pi(Q^2). We
also compute the pion charge radius for a variety of parameter
choices, and use the values of f^(n)_rho, g_{rho^(n) pi pi} and m^(n)_rho to
observe the saturation of F_pi(0) by rho poles.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figures, revised fits using consistent normalization of
f_pi. References update
Broilers fed a low protein diet supplemented with synthetic amino acids maintained growth performance and retained intestinal integrity while reducing nitrogen excretion when raised under poor sanitary conditions
The present study investigated the effects of supplementing a low protein (LP) diet supplemented with key essential amino acids (AA) to broilers on growth performance, intestinal tract function, blood metabolites, and nitrogen excretion when the animals were maintained under various sanitary conditions for 35 D after hatching. Three hundred eighty-four one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to groups that received one of 6 dietary treatments in a 2 Ă— 3 factorial arrangement (i.e., 2 environmental conditions and 3 dietary treatments) to give 8 replicates per treatment. Broilers were challenged with 2 environmental conditions (sanitary vs. poor sanitary). The dietary treatments were (1) high protein (HP) diet, (2) LP diet, and (3) LP diet with synthetic key essential AA (LPA): the LP diet was supplemented with synthetic AA up to the required levels for broilers. On day 14, birds consumed the LP diet impaired growth performance compared with those fed the HP diet, while the average daily weight gain-to-feed conversion ratio of birds fed the LPA diet improved to the level of birds fed the HP diet under poor sanitary conditions (P < 0.05). Broilers raised under poor sanitary conditions and fed the LP diet displayed higher (P < 0.05) zonula occludens (ZO-1) expression on day 14 than broilers fed either the HP or LPA diet. Under sanitary conditions, birds fed HP and LPA diets showed higher villus height and crypt depth compared with those of broilers fed the LP diet on day 35. Moreover, broilers raised in the poor sanitary environment had higher (P < 0.05) serum endotoxins than those raised in the sanitary environment. Broilers fed the LPA diet showed reduced (P < 0.05) nitrogen excretion on days 14 and 35 compared with those fed the LP and HP diets independent of the environment. In conclusion, the LPA diet did not impair growth performance under poor sanitary conditions for 14 D after hatch while resulting in lower nitrogen excretion in any environment conditions throughout the experiment
Hypofractionated or Conventionally Fractionated Adjuvant Radiotherapy After Regional Lymph Node Dissection for High-Risk Stage III Melanoma
Aims: Adjuvant radiotherapy can be beneficial after regional lymph node dissection for high-risk stage III melanoma, as it has been shown to reduce the risk of recurrence in the node field. However, the optimal fractionation schedule is unknown and both hypofractionated and conventionally fractionated adjuvant radiotherapy are used. The present study examined the oncological outcomes of these two approaches in patients treated in an era before effective systemic immunotherapy became available. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study involved 335 patients with stage III melanoma who received adjuvant radiotherapy after therapeutic regional lymph node dissection for metastatic melanoma between 1990 and 2011. Information on tumour characteristics, radiotherapy doses and fractionation schedules and patient outcomes was retrieved from the institution's database and patients' medical records. Results: Hypofractionated radiotherapy (median dose 33 Gy in six fractions over 3 weeks) was given to 95 patients (28%) and conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (median dose 48 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks) to 240 patients (72%). Five-year lymph node field control rates were 86.0% (95% confidence interval 78.4–94.4%) for the hypofractionated group and 85.5% (95% confidence interval 80.5–90.7%) for the conventional fractionation group (P = 0.87). There were no significant differences in recurrence-free survival (RFS) (41.7%, 95% confidence interval 32.5–53.5 versus 31.9%, 95% confidence interval 26.1–38.9; P = 0.18) or overall survival (41.2%, 95% confidence interval 32.1–52.8 versus 45.0%, 95% confidence interval 38.7–52.4; P = 0.77). On multivariate analysis, extranodal spread was associated with decreased RFS (P = 0.04) and the number of resected lymph nodes containing metastatic melanoma was associated with decreased RFS (P = 0.0006) and overall survival (P = 0.01). Conclusion: Lymph node field control rates, RFS and overall survival were similar after hypofractionated and conventionally fractionated adjuvant radiotherapy. The presence of extranodal spread and an increasing number of positive lymph nodes were predictive of an unfavourable outcome
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