A minimal integer automaton behind crystal plasticity

Power law fluctuations and scale free spatial patterns are known to characterize steady state plastic flow in crystalline materials. In this Letter we study the emergence of correlations in a simple Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) type model of 2D plasticity which is largely free of arbitrariness, amenable to analytical study and is capable of generating critical exponents matching experiments. Our main observation concerns the possibility to reduce continuum plasticity to an integer valued automaton revealing inherent discreteness of the plastic flow.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Japonica N. Subsp., a common parasite from wild in Kyushu Island, Japan

We describe Onchocerca dewittei japonica n. subsp. from the Japanese wild boar, Sus scrofa leucomystax, in Oita, Kyushu Island, where all seven animals examined were found to be infected. This study began with efforts to identify the causative species in a recent case of zoonotic onchocerciasis. Compared with Onchocerca dewittei dewittei from Sus scrofa jubatus in Malaysia, which was reexamined here, our new subspecies has much greater space between the ridges on the females. In addition, its microfilariae (from uteri) are shorter (192-210 μm compared with 228-247 μm), and only the posterior third of the microfilarial body is coiled, instead of the entire body. The Onchocerca species parasitic in suids (these two subspecies and O. ramachandrini from the warthog in the Ethiopian region) form a group sharing several characters. Among the most unusual characters are the body swellings (a specialized apparatus for mating, known in only a few other genera). In addition, longitudinal cuticular crests were found on males of both subspecies from wild boar and on females of O. ramachandrini

Onchocerca Dewittei Japonica N. Subsp., a common parasite from wild in Kyushu Island, Japan

We describe Onchocerca dewittei japonica n. subsp. from the Japanese wild boar, Sus scrofa leucomystax, in Oita, Kyushu Island, where all seven animals examined were found to be infected. This study began with efforts to identify the causative species in a recent case of zoonotic onchocerciasis. Compared with Onchocerca dewittei dewittei from Sus scrofa jubatus in Malaysia, which was reexamined here, our new subspecies has much greater space between the ridges on the females. In addition, its microfilariae (from uteri) are shorter (192-210 μm compared with 228-247 μm), and only the posterior third of the microfilarial body is coiled, instead of the entire body. The Onchocerca species parasitic in suids (these two subspecies and O. ramachandrini from the warthog in the Ethiopian region) form a group sharing several characters. Among the most unusual characters are the body swellings (a specialized apparatus for mating, known in only a few other genera). In addition, longitudinal cuticular crests were found on males of both subspecies from wild boar and on females of O. ramachandrini

Coexistence of five Ceropitifilaria species in the Japanese rupicarne Bovid, Capricornis Crispus

The Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus (Bovidae, Caprinae, Rupicaprini), is parasitized by five Cercopithifilaria species:C. shohoi, recently described, and reexamined in this paper, C. multicaudan. sp., C. minutan. sp., C. tumidicervicata n. sp., and C. bulboidea n. sp. Coinfections are frequent. The location (skin or subcutaneous regions) in the host of adult worms differed between the species, as did many morphological characters of both adults and microfilariae. The location (limbs, trunk, etc.) in the host of adult worms and dermal microfilariae seemed to differ depending on the species. Male and female worms of the same species had similar head shapes, buccal capsules, and, in four species, swellings in the anterior region of the body (because of the presence of a giant ventral pseudocoelomocyte). The Cercopithifilaria spp. from C. crispus were related to the primitive forms of the genus, parasites of Bovidae and Cervidae, presently recorded in Africa and Europe. C. bulboidea was particularly close to the most primitive species, C. ruandae and C. dermicola, in Africa, with the pairs of caudal papillae numbered 8 and 9 being distant from each other, but the species also had several specialized characters. Like C. rugosicauda in a European cervid, the four other species had pairs 8 and 9 close to each other; they reflect an evolutionary trend (hypertrophy of pair 6, and reduction and posterior migration of pair 7) that suggests diversification in the host

Coexistence of five Ceropitifilaria species in the Japanese rupicarne Bovid,

The Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus (Bovidae, Caprinae, Rupicaprini), is parasitized by five Cercopithifilaria species:C. shohoi, recently described, and reexamined in this paper, C. multicaudan. sp., C. minutan. sp., C. tumidicervicata n. sp., and C. bulboidea n. sp. Coinfections are frequent. The location (skin or subcutaneous regions) in the host of adult worms differed between the species, as did many morphological characters of both adults and microfilariae. The location (limbs, trunk, etc.) in the host of adult worms and dermal microfilariae seemed to differ depending on the species. Male and female worms of the same species had similar head shapes, buccal capsules, and, in four species, swellings in the anterior region of the body (because of the presence of a giant ventral pseudocoelomocyte). The Cercopithifilaria spp. from C. crispus were related to the primitive forms of the genus, parasites of Bovidae and Cervidae, presently recorded in Africa and Europe. C. bulboidea was particularly close to the most primitive species, C. ruandae and C. dermicola, in Africa, with the pairs of caudal papillae numbered 8 and 9 being distant from each other, but the species also had several specialized characters. Like C. rugosicauda in a European cervid, the four other species had pairs 8 and 9 close to each other; they reflect an evolutionary trend (hypertrophy of pair 6, and reduction and posterior migration of pair 7) that suggests diversification in the host