79 research outputs found
Holding Delinquent Juveniles Accountable Through Peri-Judicial Practices, Mediation, and Family Group Conferences
An important objective of the criminal justice system with respect to delinquent juveniles, in
addition to correction and re-socialization, is making them accountable. Juvenile accountability
as reflected in this study through specific principles rooting in theories of criminology and
philosophical and penological bases, depends on development and application of alternative
practices that are different from those traditionally used by the criminal justice system in responding
to a criminal phenomenon. Therefore, to hold delinquent juveniles accountable one
needs to turn to responses that can desirably make an offender aware of unfavorable consequences
of his criminal acts and motivate him to redress damages that have resulted from those
acts. The present paper is an attempt to discuss two effective ways of treating delinquent juveniles,
namely mediation in criminal processes and family group conferences, to help them take
responsibility for their criminal acts and try to make up for the consequences of those acts. The
goal is to identify methods of holding delinquent juveniles accountable in the Iranian criminal
justice system that have emerged as a result of ineffectiveness of punishments in correction and
re-socialization of delinquent children and in the light of new ways proposed by restorative
justice for treating this group of offenders. These practices have been influenced by criminological
approaches including reintegration shaming, the principle of criminal law as the last
and least resort, right to not to be punished, etc.
Drawing on descriptive-analytical findings and desk research, the present study has found that
delinquent juveniles can be hold accountable by shifting away from traditional responses of the
criminal justice system and towards practices recommended by restorative justice, including
family group conference and mediation as means of informing delinquent juveniles of the consequences
of their behaviors. On the other hand, these practices place offenders in a process
where they become accountable for the offenses they committed by realizing how they failed to
act humanely and by learning how to behave properly
Protecting the environment through criminal law: a focus on state crime
Environmental protection has gained particular significance as a global problem, drawing the attention of many thinkers and states people. However, given their legislative power, environmental protection responsibilities, and the requirements for protecting corporations, governments play a vital role in ensuring greater economic interests since, on the one hand, the global economic development has an undeniable impact on the modern world and, on the other, the significant damages to the environment caused by these activities may lead to irreversible harms including climate change and the decline in biodiversity. Therefore, the question is how states can strike a balance between these two opposing views. However, a deeper look into how states behave in this area clearly shows that they attempt to identify and define development-oriented economic value along the environmental values, making states and their related corporations the biggest force behind the criminal activities that seek greater profits at the expense of the environment. Given the first principle of the Stockholm Declaration (1972) and the principle of equality before law, efforts need to be made to properly and effectively protect the environment against state crimes while states must be held criminally accountable for their environmental crimes, because turning a blind eye on the environmental harms caused by wrongly formulated state policies and keeping states immunes from criminal prosecution will turn on the green line for further environmental pollution
Protecting the environment through criminal law: a focus on state crime
Environmental protection has gained particular significance as a global problem, drawing the attention of many thinkers and states people. However, given their legislative power, environmental protection responsibilities, and the requirements for protecting corporations, governments play a vital role in ensuring greater economic interests since, on the one hand, the global economic development has an undeniable impact on the modern world and, on the other, the significant damages to the environment caused by these activities may lead to irreversible harms including climate change and the decline in biodiversity. Therefore, the question is how states can strike a balance between these two opposing views. However, a deeper look into how states behave in this area clearly shows that they attempt to identify and define development-oriented economic value along the environmental values, making states and their related corporations the biggest force behind the criminal activities that seek greater profits at the expense of the environment. Given the first principle of the Stockholm Declaration (1972) and the principle of equality before law, efforts need to be made to properly and effectively protect the environment against state crimes while states must be held criminally accountable for their environmental crimes, because turning a blind eye on the environmental harms caused by wrongly formulated state policies and keeping states immunes from criminal prosecution will turn on the green line for further environmental pollution
Branch correlation measurements and analysis in an indoor Rayleigh fading channel for polarization diversity using a dual polarized patch antenna
Biodiversity of culicid mosquitoes in rural Neka township of Mazandaran province, northern Iran
Cognitive Radio with Single Carrier TDCS and Multicarrier OFDM Approach with V-BLAST Receiver in Rayleigh Fading Channel
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