Kajian Perbandingan Kualiti Kompos Daripada Sisa Taman Menggunakan Pelbagai Kaedah Pengkomposan.

Pengurusan sisa taman seringkali tidak diberi perhatian dan keutamaan oleh pelbagai pihak jika dibandingkan dengan sisa-sisa pepejal yang lain. Data-data dan kajian mengenai komposisi, ciri-ciri fizikal dan kimia mengenai sisa taman juga adalah berkurangan. Yard waste management has never been given much attention and priority when compared to other kind of solid wastes. Data and research on yard waste composition, physical and chemical characteristic are also hard to found

Effect of different packagings and storage temperatures on the quality of fresh-cut red chilli

Abstract The effect of three different types of packaging namely, 250 ml polypropylene (PP) semi-rigid container, airtight PVC (aPVC) and non-airtight PVC (nPVC) containers was evaluated for storage of minimally processed (MP) chilli. The samples were stored at 2 °C for 4 weeks and 25 °C for 3 days. There was significant (p < 0.05) changes in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) production, and slight changes in total titratable acidity (TTA) and ascorbic acid (AA) content during storage at 25 °C. At 2 °C, the changes of TTA and AA content, CO 2 and C 2 H 4 production rates of MP chilli were reduced significantly (p <0.05). The percentage of weight loss of MP chilli packed in nPVC was significantly (p < 0.05) increased during storage at 2 °C and at 25 °C. It caused faster dehydration. This occurrence can be prevented by using PP and aPVC packages. MP chilli in aPVC softened and became soggy quickly which might be due to condensation of water vapour from respiration and low O 2 content in packages resulted in alcoholic fermentation. Microbiological analysis of MP chilli indicated a reduction in coliform contamination and increment in yeast and mould for all samples during storage at 2 °C. The storage life of MP chilli packed in PP can be maintained up to 4 weeks at 2 °C. However, at 25 °C the product can be stored for only 2 days. Therefore, PP container can be used for commercial packing of MP chillies at 2 °C compared to aPVC and nPVC

Host-guest molecular encapsulation of cucurbit[7]uril with dillapiole congeners using docking simulation and density functional theory approaches

Binding affinity and intermolecular interactions are essential characteristics that could be used to comprehend molecular recognition between molecules in supramolecular host-guest systems. This work presented a molecular docking simulation and density functional theory (DFT) calculation at the B3LYP-631g(d) level of theory on dillapiole and its derivatives (guest compounds) complexation with cucurbit[7]uril (host compound). The supramolecular host-guest inclusion complex binding energies, − 4.46 to − 5.47 kcal mol−1 and − 0.53 to − 15.38 kcal mol−1 for docking and DFT calculation, respectively, were calculated, and the intermolecular interactions such as the hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, dispersion, and pi-alkyl formation involved were observed. The negative binding energies of D1-CB [7], D2-CB [7], D3-CB [7], D4-CB [7], D5-CB [7], D6-CB [7], and D-CB [7], computed from both the theoretical approaches, suggested the possible inclusion of the guests inside the cucurbit[7]uril cavity, enabling the formation of stable inclusion compounds. However, the significant difference in the binding energy values from the DFT calculation demonstrated a clustered preference in terms of the complex stabilisation, with D2-CB [7], D3-CB [7], D5-CB [7], and D6-CB [7] dominantly favourable, while D1-CB [7], D4-CB [7], and D were inclusion complexes with the least favourable. Encapsulation of the guests’ structural frame as a whole or a part and steric constraint associated with the guests’ substituents positioning in addition to the intermolecular interactions were also noted to induce stabilisation in the binding energy, thus reflecting a preferable inclusion complex. Besides, the theoretical calculations on the rationalisation of the selected guests’ energy barrier were found to correlate well with experimental works of hydroboration oxidation synthesis to produce alcohol derivatives of dillapiole