‘One size does not fit all’: understanding the situated nature of reflective practices

This paper revisits Donald Schön’s concepts of ‘reflection-in-action’ and ‘reflection-on-action’ to argue that reflective practice occurs in the moment-by-moment processes of trial-and-error learning that occur in everyday practice. Following Schön, we highlight the context-, task- and conceptually specific nature of reflective and reflexive processes and the need for practitioners to be able to interrogate these. The paper illustrates ‘reflection-in-action’ and ‘reflection-on-action’ by looking closely at two examples of practice-near research and opening these up for questioning. Price brings research material of practitioners reflecting at the Mulberry Bush, a children’s home and specialist school. Deveci discusses reflexive processes occurring during professional doctoral research with undocumented youth. We consider the complex relationship between trauma and power, illustrated by both research examples. In concluding we suggest that reflective practice provision needs to be part of a dialogue in situ, rather than ‘bolted on’ within ‘one-size-fits-all’ interventions in a way that devalues on-the-job reflection

Effects of nicotine administration in rats on MMP2 and VEGF levels in periodontal membrane

Background: Nicotine is associated with increased incidence of periodontal disease and poor response to therapy. This article aimed at identifying the expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMPs2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins on extracellular matrix, fibrous distribution and angiogenetic development in periodontitis caused by nicotine effects on periodontal membrane.Materials and methods: In this experimental study, rats were divided into nicotine and control groups. While the rats in the nicotine group (n = 6) were administered 2 mg/kg nicotine sulphate for 28 days, the animals in the control group (n = 6) were only administered 1.5 mL physiologic saline solution subcutaneously for 28 days.Results: Histological sections were prepared and immunohistochemically stained for MMP2 and VEGF. The sections stained with Trichrome-Masson were observed under light microscope. VEGF and MMP2 immunoreactivity of periodontal gingiva and dentin was assessed by immunohistochemical staining.Conclusions: Nicotine reduces MMP production, disrupts collagen synthesis and causes periodontitis. We observed that nicotine increases periodontitis by disrupting periodontal membrane and prevents tooth to anchor in dental alveoli by disrupting epithelial structure

Dost Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow: an evaluation of a 360º relationship-based model of practice with young refugees and migrants

This presentation reviews a qualitative research project undertaken with Dost Centre for Young Refugees and Migrants. Dost means friend in several languages. The Centre was founded in 2000. It works with children who arrive in the UK alone seeking protection and asylum, and with young migrants who have arrived in this country with their families. Dost provides a range of services for them, including advice, advocacy and therapeutic support, and education, play and youth activities. Dost is committed to sharing knowledge and influencing policy and practice, and provides consultancy services and workshops to professionals working with this service user group. In the summer of 2012 three researchers from UEL conducted 20 self-selected face-to-face semi-structured interviews with male and female Dost service users aged between 12 and 26 years. Some of the interviewees had been involved with the project since its inception; others were very recent recruits to the youth sessions. Interviewees spoke for between 20 and 120 minutes. Interviews were subsequently transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis using NVivo as a research tool. The young people helped by Dost were overwhelmingly grateful for a child-facing organisation that aimed to 'join up' the fragmented pieces of their lives. They spoke about Dost as a lifeline, a safety net, a place containing real friends, and a desperately needed 'home' in a context where parents, wider family and community had often been lost. We were told with some urgency by almost all of the young people that Dost’s services needed to be able to continue and develop. The young migrants also frequently stressed the opportunities Britain offered them and their desire to make something of themselves here. The 360º relationship-based model at Dost, focussed on 'developing positive minds', does seem to deliver something qualitatively different from other more process-driven services for vulnerable children and young people. From the point of view of the young people, we found Dost to be a highly effective organisation providing what is in effect 'guardianship' for vulnerable service users. An evaluation of the Scottish Guardianship Service Pilot (Crawley and Kohli, 2011) obtained similar very positive views about 'guardians' from young asylum seekers. Presentations have been or will be given at the Trinity Centre, East Ham, to Dost staff and trustees; and at the Dost Away Day at UEL in March 2013; and to the Tavistock and Portman NHS Trust’s Policy Seminar Series. A research report will shortly be available on the charity’s website at www.dostcentre.org

Histopathological changes in the choroid plexus after traumatic brain injury in the rats: a histologic and immunohistochemical study

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is in part associated with the disruption of the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we analysed the histopathological changes in E-cadherin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression after TBI in rats.   Materials and methods: The rats were divided into two groups as the control and the trauma groups. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to TBI with a weight-drop device using 300 g/1 m weight-height impact. After 5 days of TBI, blood samples were taken under ketamine hydroxide anaesthesia and biochemical analyses were performed. The control and trauma groups were compared in terms of biochemical values.   Results: There was no change in glutathione (GSH) levels and blood-brain barier permeability. However, malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity levels increased in the trauma group. In the histopathological examination, choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle, near the pia mater membrane, was removed. In the traumatic group, some of epithelial cells were hyperplasic. Some of them were peeled off the apical surface and had local degeneration.   Conclusions: In addition, we observed congestion in capillary vessels and mononuclear cell infiltration around the vessels. After TBI, the increase in VEGF levels, vascular permeability, and interaction with VEGF receptors in endothelial cells lead to oedema of the vessel wall. On the other hand, E-cadherin expression decreased in the tight-junction structures between epithelial cells and basal membrane, resulting in an increase in cerebrospinal fluid in the intervillous area

Processing Tincal Ores using Ultrasonic Waves

ABSTRACT: In this study, effects of ultrasonic sound waves have been studied on the processing of tincal ores using ultrasonic baths producing 35 kHz frequency and 1.24 W/cm 2 intensity. Tincal ores (24.37 90B2O3) were processed in saturated solutions for 15 minutes and a concentrate containing 35.29 % B2O1 was obtained with 95.69 % recovery. During ultrasonic treatment boron minerals were found to corrode to a small extent. These findings showed that efficiency of dispersion process was proportional to directly treatment time and indirectly to the sample quantity, solids density and particle size

Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is based on cell-mediated immunity, most importantly involving CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subsets. The aim of this study was to evaluate CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell profiles and CD19(+) and CD3(−)CD(16+56)(+) populations in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, B-lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells were evaluated in 75 active (APTB) and 25 inactive (IPTB) pulmonary tuberculosis cases and 20 healthy subjects (HCs). The results were compared at different stages of antituberculosis treatment in the APTB patients and also according to X-ray findings in the newly diagnosed APTB patients. The percentages of CD4(+) T cells were significantly lower (P < .01) and those of CD3(−)CD(16 + 56)(+) cells were significantly higher (P < .01) in APTB patients than in HCs. CD8(+) T cells were significantly decreased (P < .05), and CD3(−)CD(16+56)(+) cells were significantly increased (P < .01), in IPTB patients compared to HCs. The percentages of CD4(+), CD8(+), CD3(−)CD19(+), and CD3(−)CD(16+56)(+) cells showed no differences at different times of the antituberculosis regimen, and different stages of newly diagnosed APTB patients. APTB patients have a reduced percentage of circulating CD4(+) T cells and an increased percentage of NK cells compared with healthy individuals. These cells could play important roles in the immune response to M tuberculosis infection

Modelling of the effect of climate change on wheat yield in thrace region with AquaCrop and WOFOST models

Since climate change will adversely affect the agricultural sector as well as many other sectors, the effects of climate change on agricultural production should be estimated and necessary measures should be taken. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of climate change on wheat yield in the short (2020-2030), medium (2046-2055) and long (2076-2085) term periods in the Thrace Region using AquaCrop and WOFOST models. RegCM3 Regional Climate Model, reference and A2 scenario outputs were used to predict climate change. In the 1970- 1990 period, the measured temperature and precipitation data measured in the research area were compared with the model reference data and changes were estimated in the short, medium and long term periods. Wheat yields obtained from farmer fields in three different locations (Akincilar, Sofular, Çövenli) in Çorlu Pinarbasi sub-basin in 2016-2017 growing period were compared with the model prediction in order to do the calibration and yields were forecasted in the future periods. As a result, in the short term, an average 0.27°C decrease in temperature were forecasted whereas 1,43 °C and 3,05 °C increase were estimated for medium and long terms, respectively when compared to model reference years. In total rainfall, 87 mm (13%) increase, 91 mm (14%) and 78 mm (12%) decreases were simulated for the short, medium and long-terms. AquaCrop Model predicted yield increases up to 50% in Akincilar and Çövenli and yield decreases of 6% - 34% in Sofular whereas WOFOST Model predicted increases of 40% in Akincilar and 12% in Sofular and decrease up to 2 - 7% in Çövenli. © 2020 Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty. All rights reserved

A content-linking-context model for “notice-and-takedown” procedures

The US Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) of 1998 adopted a notice-and-take-down procedure to help tackle alleged online infringements through online service providers’ actions. The European Directive 2000/31/EC (e-Commerce Directive) introduced similar liability exemptions, but did not specify any take-down procedure. Many intermediary (host, and online search engine) service providers even in Europe have followed this notice-and-take-down procedure to enable copyright owners to issue notices to take down allegedly infringing Web resources. However, the accuracy of take-down is not known, and notice receivers do not reveal clear information about how they check the legitimacy of these requests, about whether and how they check the lawfulness of allegedly infringing content, or what criteria they use for these actions. In this paper, we use Google’s Transparency Report as the benchmark to investigate the information content of take-down notices and the accuracy of the resulting take-downs of allegedly infringing Web resources. The analysis of copyright infringement is limited to the five scenarios most frequently encountered in our study of Web resources. Based on our investigation, we propose a Content-Linking-Context (CLC) model of the criteria to be considered by intermediary service providers to achieve more accurate take-down

Expression of MK-1 and RegⅣ and its clinicopathological significances in the benign and malignant lesions of gallbladder

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To study the expression of MK-1 and RegⅣ and to detect their pathological significances in benign and malignant lesions of gallbladder.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The expression of MK-1 and RegⅣ was detected by immunohistochemical method in paraffin-embedded sections of surgical resected specimens from gallbladder adenocarcinoma (n = 108), peritumoral tissues (n = 46), adenomatous polyp (n = 15), and chronic cholecystitis (n = 35).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The positive rate of MK-1 or RegⅣ expression was significantly higher in gallbladder adenocarcinoma than that in peritumoral tissues (χ²_MK-1= 18.76, <it>P </it>< 0.01; χ²_RegⅣ= 9.92, <it>P </it>< 0.01), denomatous polyp (χ²_MK-1= 9.49, <it>P </it>< 0.01; χ²_RegⅣ= 8.59, <it>P </it>< 0.01) and chronic cholecystitis (χ²_MK-1= 24.11, <it>P </it>< 0.01; χ²_RegⅣ= 19.24, <it>P </it>< 0.01). The positive cases of MK-1 and/or RegⅣ in the benign lesions showed moderately- or severe-atypical hyperplasia of gallbladder epitheli. The positive rates of MK-1 were significantly higher in the cases of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, no-metastasis of lymph node, and no-invasiveness of regional tissues than those in the ones of differentiated adenocarcinoma, metastasis of lymph node, and invasiveness of regional tissues in gallbladder adenocarcinoma (<it>P </it>< 0.05 or <it>P </it>< 0.01). On the contrary, the positive rates of RegⅣ were significantly lower in the cases of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, no-metastasis of lymph node, and no-invasiveness of regional tissues than those in the ones of differentiated adenocarcinoma, metastasis of lymph node, and invasiveness of regional tissues in gallbladder adenocarcinoma (<it>P </it>< 0.05 or <it>P </it>< 0.01). Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that decreased expression of MK-1 (<it>P </it>= 0.09) or increased expression of RegⅣ (<it>P </it>= 0.003) was associated with decreased overall survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that decreased expression of MK-1 (<it>P </it>= 0.033) and increased expression of RegⅣ (<it>P </it>= 0.008) was an independent prognostic predictor in gallbladder adenocarcinoma.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The expression of MK-1 and/or RegⅣ might be closely related to the carcinogenesis, clinical biological behaviors, and prognosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma.</p