Barriers to Physical Activity in Pregnant Women: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed-method Study (Study Protocol)

Background: Gaining insight into the obstacles holding women from engaging in physical activity during pregnancy is crucial for planning future interventions to enhance their physical activity during this period. This research aims to identify barriers to physical activity among pregnant women using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach. The study protocol is explained in this article. Methods: This research employs an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. The project will be implemented in two separate phases. In the first phase, a quantitative cross-sectional study will be conducted on 358 eligible pregnant women aged 18-45 years living in Babol City, Iran. Quantitative data collection will involve using the barriers to physical activity during pregnancy scale (BPAPS) and questionnaires gathering demographic and obstetric data. The qualitative investigation will employ individual semi-structured interviews utilizing a content analysis approach. Ultimately, incorporating qualitative data will inform the interpretation of quantitative findings. Results: The results will be presented in alignment with the study objectives. Initially, the mean score of BPAPS and its subscales, along with the correlation between demographic and obstetric variables, will be reported. Subsequently, the qualitative phase will encompass the reporting of categories and the main themes. Finally, the quantitative phase findings will be interpreted, incorporating insights gained from the qualitative phase. Conclusion: Since regular physical activity during pregnancy has many benefits for maternal and fetal health, the study’s findings after its implementation can play a vital role in strategic planning to address women’s false beliefs and misconceptions regarding physical activity during pregnancy. In addition, this study will contribute to designing interventions to remove barriers to physical activity and encourag

Rearing of Indian craps fries to 1g weight in earthen ponds

30000 juvenile Indian majour carps (Labeo Rohita,Cirhinus merigala, Catla catla) imported (2007 and 2008) and transferred to the earthen ponds in Astaneh Fisheries Research Station (Gilan) and Sheiban Resaerch center (Khozestan), In order to assess the viability of rearing fry up to 1 gram fingerlings under the climatic condition of north and south part of Iran . Growth parameters from the larval stage to 1 g were studied also. The fry with 300 mg weight, were released in to 3ponds.specimens were separated to tree experimental categories. fishes were fed with artificial food and also with the natural products of the ponds which were enriched with organic fertilizers, after being equally stocked in the ponds .During the experiment, oxygen level ,PH, turbidity, and temperature were measured . Monthly fry samples were taken, for weight and length biometrical analysis and also determination of the weight gain percentage, average daily growth rate, specific growth rate. Results have indicated adaptations and considerable growth in this species, with an increase from the initial weight of 300 mg to an average of 13.5±1.6 mg in 50 days period until the end of November for fingerlings.Catla was gain 1 g. during 15 day while Roho and Merigal were gain 1 g. during 14 and 10 days respectively. Results revealed that the Indian majour carps compatibility with the condition in Gilan province was succesfull and the combination of species and optimization of their compatibility specialy in other provinces like Sistan and Baluchestan were remind for futhre studies

A survey about existence currency of warm water fish in northern Alborz

Aquaculture is the most important part of Fisheries Organization duties in Iran. During several planning and developing programs, aquaculture productions had a considerable growth. Due to good potential, these productions were higher than the planed one. The North Alborz regions were investigated by four groups of experts. The regions which investigated were including 3 important provinces (e.g. Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan). The area where investigated was 940 km along with coastal zone of Caspian Sea or 58678 km2 in total. Around 27% of aquaculture production came from this region. However, subdivision of fisheries can play important role in the economics in the region. The fisheries sub-sector has an important role in the economy of the region, and despite the great potential for agriculture and tourist industries in the North Alborz, there is a significant role in the prosperity of the fisheries activities. In the present study shows that Mazandaran and Guilan provinces has more potential in reservoirs and aquaculture production when compared with other provinces. Productions in Mazandaran either in reservoirs were less than Guilan province. Due to lee in reservoirs, Mazandaran had less investment when compared with Guilan province. The figures show that carrying capacity of aquaculture production for 3 provinces (Mazandaran, Guilan and Golestan) was higher than other provinces in the entire country. Due to, large land base, less investment, more interesting of farmers, no needs of complicated technology, farmer would be able to develop reservoirs as consequences to enhance productions. However, developing reservoirs and supporting of it's; can increase the contribution of warm water species in inland water

Cage culture of tilapia in some water resources (farm and agriculture ponds) of Bafq, Iran

Tilapia is the second cultured fish in the world. Up to 135 countries produces tilapia. Intensive culture systems of tilapia such as cage culture are recently developed because of limitations of water resources. In Iran, studies about tilapia were started in National Research Center of Saline Water Aquatics from November 2008 and some aspects of tilapia aquaculture and culture systems are surveyed. Investigation about cage culture of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus was performed in two culture periods of 2012 and 2014 in fresh and brackish water conditions of Iran for the first time. Stocking densities of fish in the cages were 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 fish/m^3. 100g fish stocked reached 272-331 g during 80 days in the first study. However, 50g fish stocked reached 329-450 g during 145 days in the second study. Results of cage culture of tilapia in fresh and brackish water conditions showed ranges of FCR: 1.56-3.72 and 1.08-1.87, DGR: 1.63-2.91 and 2.14-2.92 g/day, SGR: 0.63-1.12 and 1.29-1.54, production: 5.98-38 and 7.17-41.6 kg/m^3, respectively. Stocking densities 75-125 fish/ m^3 were appropriate especially in fish reared in brackish water cages

The study and feasibility of Cheshmeh-Ali River and downstream area of Shahid Shah-Charaghy dam in Damghan for aquaculture development

To reveal the fisheries productivity and to get the maximum possible exploitations of the running water resources, existing potentials for aquaculture in Shit and Kordabad rivers in Tarom of Zanjan province were surveyed in a one year round study. In this way 4 and 3 sampling site were respectively selected in Shit and Kordabad rivers and benthic macroinvertebrates and water samples were collected and analyzed at least two times a season and fish fauna were also sampled and studied only two times during the period. All the measured water quality characteristics(such as O_2, water temperature, pH, nutrients, NH_3, BOD_5 and . . . ) were within the normal range suggested for the cold water fish culture. In both rivers no significant differences (p≤95%) were detected for physicochemical parameters within the study sites except for electrical conductivity and total hardness which differed in the firs and last station. Depletion of Agricultural run off and residual from the adjacent farmlands and municipal drainages into the water body of the rivers, were certainly effective in these changes However none of water quality parameters exceed the maximum permitted level for aquaculture. According to the benthic macroinvertebrates study 38 family of 12 taxa and 26 family of the 11 taxa were identified in Shit and Kordabad rivers respectively, most of them belonged to the aquatic insect larvae of the sensitive groups. Community structure indices and Hilsenhof family level biotic index proved a "very good" to "good" water quality criteria for the study sites in both rivers .One fish species in Shit and five species (4 of them were endemic) were identified in Kordabad river. Despite acceptable water quality in Shit river, some inhibiting factors such as adjacent farmlands and dense agricultural land use, high slope of river valley in most region which cause rare suitable lands for locating aquaculture sites, very limited access to road and electricity supply and lack of acceptability to manipulate or divert river water for fish farms, by the local people, are the major constrains for constructing trout farms in Shit river. However constructing a 15 mt capacity rainbow trout farm is possible at first 2 kilometers of the upstream where the water quality and quantity are relatively better and there are some lands with low slope and access to road and electricity supply. Kordabad river has a similar criteria and water quality and quantity at upstream is desirable for rainbow trout culture. The first 2 kilometer of this river is capable of constructing trout farms in some non cultivated lands. Moreover the Kordabad natural dam reservoir is available to conduct its water for further demands. In addition a total of 75mt rainbow trout production in the form of 2 or 3 separate site is possible in this river. Even though the local climate particularly in Kordabad river is acceptable for carp fishes, however land limitations, soil texture and the high volume of water demands, make warm water fishes commercial production impossible

Aquaculture potentials investigation of Yamchi Dam Down stream areas in in Ardabil Province

The research conducted for finding of aquaculture potential and appropriate areas of Yamchi dam downstream river and estimate of its production in 2010-2012. Yamchi dam is located at 25 kilometers of southwest of the Ardabil city. This research done by using of available information and data obtained from the monthly and seasonally sampling. After evaluating of Yamchi river potential and its marginal lands, suitable locations for aquaculture determinated and theirs production was calculated at each site. Totally, 3 areas selected for trout aquaculture and varius method suggested including race way, octagonal pond and semi-recircultaion. In the present condition of Yamchi river the amount of trout production is predicted at least 65 ton by race way to maximum 1750 ton by semirecircultaion method. Whiles, if 2 cubic meters of water from Yamchi dam outlet is provided to aquaculture, it will be predicted at least 580 ton by race way to maximum 4000 ton by semi-recircultaion metho

Study of Todebin dam reservoir in Zanjan province in order to aquaculture possibility

The Todebin dam reservoir has been constructed in central part of Abhar in the Zanjan province which has been studied with aquaculture purpose. This study was conducted on biotic and abiotic factors. The plankton, benthos and fishes were identified and the parasitology and bacteriology studies were performed on the lake fishes. Then the fisheries potential of the lake was calculated in respect of final fish farming amount and the fish releasing. The results showed the Bacillariophyta was dominated ِduring the study. the highest abundance of phytoplankton was between 2.1 and 12.5 million cells.l^-1 in the upper layer of lake as compared with the lower layer. The genus Cyclotella and Dinobryon belong to phytoplankton and Keratella and Polyathera belong to zooplankton were dominanted abundance. The mean biomass of benthos was varied from 5.5 to 29.5 g.m -2 and the Chironomidae had the most abundance. The ichtiology survey showed the presence of four cultured species and the Goldfish. The hydro-chemical results indicated no restriction for aquaculture activity. The oxygen average was more than 8 mg/l. The average of phosphate, nitrogen and hardness were measured 0.09±0.04, 2±0.8 and 237±94.5 mg/l., respectively. For the most hydrochemical factores, the values were significantly different between upper and bottom layers of the lake. The oxygen production and Chl-a amount were measured about 0.73 mg/l. and 7/03 µg/l., respectively. According to climatic restrictions, the cold fish culture is preferred than to culture of warm fishes. While the natural capacity of the lake was about 5 tones to warm fish culture, the fish production of trout was estimated about 40 tones. This volume will be available during four months periods and twice a year

Determination of optimum dosage of Ovaprim injectionon artificial spawning efficiency of Esox lucius

This project was conducted to goal of optimum dosage determination of ovaprim injection to artificial spawning efficiency of Esox lucius. The research implemented by 4 treatments with 3 replicates for each ones. 3 female and 6 male brooders injected in each replicate. The animals in 1, 2 and 3 treatments injected by 10, 20 and 30 µg/kg BW, respectively, and 4th treatment as a control injected with 4 mg/kg BW pituitary gland extract. Average weight of brooders were 1361±521, 1376±954, 1009±160 and 1100 ±422 g in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatments in females and 689±145, 734±197, 547±118 and 794±238 g in males, respectively. In addition, positive response percent to hormone injection were measured 77.8 ±19.24 , 88.9 ± 19.24 , 55.5 ±50.91 and 55.5 ± 19.24 % in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatments in female and 94.4 ± 9.58, 88.9 ±19.26 , 83.3±28.86 and 88.9 ± 19.26 % in male brooders, respectively, but there was no significant different between all of treatments (p<0.05). Incubation period from fertilization till hatching step in 7 to 15 ˚C was 5 to 10 days with average of 7±1.5 days. Fertilization content was in 1 to 4 treatments measured 87.1±10, 88.04±7.7, 83.9±5.2 and 72.4±19.7 %, respectively and also the treatments didn’t show any different significantly together (p<0.05). Average percentage of eyed eggs 66.6±15.9 in treat 1, 61.2±22.3 in treat 2, 58.3±10.7 in treat 3 and 56.1±15.04 in treat 4, without any significant different between of them (p<0.05). Hatching of eggs mean were measured 27.41±19.8 in treat 1, 39.53±26.9 in treat 2, 95.18±5.6 in treat 3 and 26.78±12.4 in treat 4, and significant different observed between of them too (p<0.05).In the other hand, mean percent of larvae with active feeding in these treatments were measured 18.77±14.6, 20.1±8.51, 55.6±11.6 and 14.51±7.72 as the treatments had significant different (p<0.05). Also, the best temperature and dosage injection of ovaprim hormone was 9 to 12.5 ˚C and 20µg/kg BW, respectively. The end of trial, from 103740 larvae introduced to earthen pond obtained 8000 fingerlings with weight of 2.68±0.6 g and length of 6.96±0.51 cm

Analyze the types and methods suitable nutrition in introducing a variety of fish cages in the southern part of Caspian Sea

Regarding the fish farming in cages, taking into account all nutritional requirements appropriate to the needs of aquaculture is essential in order to minimize damage to the environment and achieve maximum growth. Fish nutritionists should be aware about the analysis of ability to digest and absorb nutrients in the diet to prepare and adjust the diet according to the needs of aquaculture. Food must also have appropriate physical properties for food intake with minimal loss of nutrients in the water. Inadequate resources with low quality or energy consumption within food, reduced the growth performance and increased the excretion of nitrogen in the environment. Food must be designed so that the balance of minerals in food will help maintain osmotic pressure within the body of fish in salty water. Food requirements and efficiency of food conversion ratio (FCR) is variable by changing environmental conditions (dissolved oxygen, temperature, water quality, flow rate, light intensity ,day length). The fish of cages are feeding by floating pellets which have the ability to stand in the water column. The floating pellets allows the fish to have sufficient time and opportunity for finding food. But sinking pellets pass rapidly from the cage and are inaccessible to fish. According to the Caspian sea conditions is better the extruded food equipped with Hygenizer to be used that a portion of it remains on the water surface and part of it moves gently down with an immersion mode in the water column (Softly deposited) for fish consumption. The amount, number and time of feeding are important factors to assess the nutritional activities. In general, fish feed from dry food between 2 to 3 percent of their body weight. Food consumption was also varied due to the quality of the food and fish physiological factors such as age, size, stage of life and stress level. Fish food distribution being fed manually or by means of demand, launcher and automatic feeding. The farm managers should pay attention to the things like water flows in the cage, wind, fish appetite, consolidated flows in the cage during food distribution as well as food storage in dry places with proper ventilation system to prevent the growth of fungi and insects activities to prevent loss of food. Also, adding antioxidants to the 100150 ppm when storing dry foods including the important cases particularly in prevention of fish liver lipoidosis disease is considered