Associations of Subjective Sleep Quality with Wearable Device-Derived Resting Heart Rate During REM Sleep and Non-REM Sleep in a Cohort of Japanese Office Workers

Olivia Sjöland,1,2 Thomas Svensson,1– 3 Kaushalya Madhawa,1 Hoang NT,1 Ung-Il Chung,1,3,4 Akiko Kishi Svensson1,2,5 1Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 2Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; 3Graduate School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa, Japan; 4Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; 5Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanCorrespondence: Thomas Svensson, Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan, Tel +81-3-5841-4737, Email [email protected]: Associations between subjective sleep quality and stage-specific heart rate (HR) may have important clinical relevance when aiming to optimize sleep and overall health. The majority of previously studies have been performed during short periods under laboratory-based conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of subjective sleep quality with heart rate during REM sleep (HR REMS) and non-REM sleep (HR NREMS) using a wearable device (Fitbit Versa).Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from the intervention group of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) performed between December 3, 2018, and March 2, 2019, in Tokyo, Japan. The intervention group consisted of 179 Japanese office workers with metabolic syndrome (MetS), Pre-MetS or a high risk of developing MetS. HR was collected with a wearable device and sleep quality was assessed with a mobile application where participants answered The St. Mary’s Hospital Sleep Questionnaire. Both HR and sleep quality was collected daily for a period of 90 days. Associations of between-individual and within-individual sleep quality with HR REMS and HR NREMS were analyzed with multi-level model regression in 3 multivariate models.Results: The cohort consisted of 92.6% men (n=151) with a mean age (± standard deviation) of 44.1 (± 7.5) years. A non-significant inverse between-individual association was observed for sleep quality with HR REMS (HR REMS − 0.18; 95% CI − 0.61, 0.24) and HR NREMS (HR NREMS − 0.23; 95% CI − 0.66, 0.21), in the final multivariable adjusted models; a statistically significant inverse within-individual association was observed for sleep quality with HR REMS (HR REMS − 0.21 95% CI − 0.27, − 0.15) and HR NREMS (HR NREMS − 0.21 95% CI − 0.27, − 0.14) after final adjustments for covariates.Conclusion: The present study shows a statistically significant within-individual association of subjective sleep quality with HR REMS and HR NREMS. These findings emphasize the importance of considering sleep quality on the individual level. The results may contribute to early detection and prevention of diseases associated with sleep quality which may have important implications on public health given the high prevalence of sleep disturbances in the population.Keywords: sleep quality, heart rate, sleep stages, REMS, NREMS, wearable devic

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The processes that drive fibrotic diseases are complex and include an influx of peripheral blood monocytes that can differentiate into fibroblast-like cells called fibrocytes. Monocytes can also differentiate into other cell types, such as tissue macrophages. The ability to discriminate between monocytes, macrophages, fibrocytes, and fibroblasts in fibrotic lesions could be beneficial in identifying therapies that target either stromal fibroblasts or fibrocytes. and in sections from human lung. We found that markers such as CD34, CD68, and collagen do not effectively discriminate between the four cell types. In addition, IL-4, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-γ, and SAP differentially regulate the expression of CD32, CD163, CD172a, and CD206 on both macrophages and fibrocytes. Finally, CD49c (α3 integrin) expression identifies a subset of fibrocytes, and this subset increases with time in culture.These results suggest that discrimination of monocytes, macrophages, fibrocytes, and fibroblasts in fibrotic lesions is possible, and this may allow for an assessment of fibrocytes in fibrotic diseases

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High-resolution passive phase shifters for adaptive duplexing applications in SOS process

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