Ocular Dirofilariasis, a Case Report

Accidental infection with animal filarial worms in humans is a dilemma for clinicians and parasitologists throughout the world. To date a variety of such rare parasitoses have been reported mostly in tropics and subtropics. Human dirofilariasis is among those unusual zoonotic infections that occasionally have been observed in the eye and in subcutaneous areas exhibiting with nodule formation. Filarial worms are transmitted to humans through invertebrate biological vectors such as certain species of mosquitoes. The present report describes a peculiar case of ocular dirofilariasis in a 49-year-old man resident in Iran

Intracameral tissue plasminogen activator to prevent severe fibrinous effusion after congenital cataract surgery

Background/aims: To evaluate the efficacy of intracameral recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA) in prevention of fibrinous effusion after lensectomy, anterior vitrectomy, and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation in patients with congenital cataract. Methods: The study was done as a double masked randomised clinical trial between April 2002 and November 2003 in Farabi Eye Hospital. 34 eyes of 26 patients with congenital cataract were included in the study and randomised into two groups (18 cases and 16 controls). Mean age was 8.1 years (3–14 years). Each eye underwent lensectomy and anterior vitrectomy with PCIOL implantation. At the end of surgery 20 μg r-TPA was injected intracamerally in the case group. The control group received only balanced salt solution. All patients received periocular, systemic, and topical steroids after surgery. Patients underwent follow up examinations for 3 months. Results: The incidence of intraocular fibrin membrane formation was significantly lower in the case group on days 1, 3, 7, 14 (p = 0.02, p = 0.01, p = 0.01, and p = 0.01, respectively, χ(2) test), but there was no significant difference on days 30 and 90. The frequency of pigmented intraocular lens precipitates was significantly lower in the case group at the end of the third month (p<0.001, χ(2) test). No gross ocular side effects were noted after r-TPA injection. Conclusion: It seems that prophylactic intracameral r-TPA is effective in prevention of fibrinous effusion at least in the first 2 weeks after cataract extraction in the paediatric age group and decreases the incidence of pigmented IOL precipitates

Current Thoughts in Fungal Keratitis: Diagnosis and Treatment

Fungal keratitis remains a challenging and often elusive diagnosis in geographic regions where it is endemic. Marred by delays in diagnosis, the sequelae of corneal fungal infections, though preventable, can be irreversible. Recent studies and advances in the arena have broadened the approach and treatment to mycotic keratitis. This review will discuss current diagnostic modalities of fungal keratitis and will particularly focus on treatment regimens. It will also explore future therapeutic models and critique the potential benefit of each