Off-design performance comparison between single and two-shaft engines: part 1 — fixed geometry

This paper describes an investigation into the off-design performance comparison of single and two-shaft gas turbine engines. A question that has been asked for a long time which gas turbine delivers a better thermal efficiency at part load. The authors, notwithstanding their intensive searches, were unable to find a comprehensive answer to this question. A detailed investigation was carried out using a state of the art performance evaluation method and the answer was found to be: It depends! In this work, the performance of two engine configurations is assessed. In the first one, the single-shaft gas turbine operates at constant shaft rotational speed. Thus, the shape of the compressor map rotational speed line will have an important influence on the performance of the engine. To explore the implications of the shape of the speed line, two single-shaft cases are examined. The first case is when the speed line is curved and as the compressor pressure ratio falls, the non-dimensional mass flow increases. The second case is when the speed line is vertical and as the compressor pressure ratio falls, the non-dimensional mass flow remains constant. In the second configuration, the two-shaft engine, the two-shafts can be controlled to operate at different rotational speeds and also varying relationships between the rotational speeds. The part-load operation is characterized by a reduction in the gas generator rotational speed. The tool, which was used in this study, is a 0-D whole engine simulation tool, named Turbomatch. It was developed at Cranfield and it is based on mass and energy balance, carried out through an iterative method, which is based on component maps. These generic, experimentally derived maps are scaled to match the design point of a particular engine before an off-design calculation is performed. The code has been validated against experimental data elsewhere, it has been used extensively for academic purposes and the research activities that have taken place at Cranfield University. For an ideal cycle, the single-shaft engine was found to be a clear winner in terms of part-load thermal efficiency. However, this picture changed when realistic component maps were utilized. The basic cycle and the shape of component maps had a profound influence on the outcome. The authors explored the influence of speed line shapes, levels of component efficiencies and the variation of these component efficiencies within the operating range. This paper describes how each one of these factors, individually, influences the outcome

Simulation of an Advanced Twin-Spool Industrial Gas Turbine

A full range mathematical model of the LM-1600 gas turbine has been developed, for future use in EHM studies. No data was available from the manufacturer other than sales brochures giving some design and off-design performance. The model was developed using generalized component characteristics and shows excellent agreement with field data from a pipeline operator."/jats:p" "jats:p"A new method has been developed for doing the matching calculations, starting from the turbine (hot) end rather than from the compressor operating point. This method permits solution on a PC, and can be used for studying the full range of operating conditions and the development of fault matrices

Thermodynamic Models for Pipeline Gas Turbine Diagnostics

Thermodynamic models suitable for use as diagnostic tools for pipeline gas turbines have been developed. A basic requirement was the prediction of the performance of gas turbines subject to in-service deterioration, including effects such as compressor fouling, foreign object damage and turbine damage. This was met by creating thermodynamic models capable of operation over the complete running range expected, with a provision for introducing arbitrarily controlled degradations. Models for a variety of types of gas turbines currently in pipeline use have been tested, demonstrating good agreement with user experience. The models are extremely flexible in use and may be used either for investigation of specific problems or to increase user understanding of operating problems.Copyright © 1983 by ASM