THE CURRENT TAENIA SOLIUM TAENIASIS/CYSTICERCOSIS SITUATION IN INDONESIA

Abstract. The first Taenia solium taeniasi

Prevalence and distribution of Taeniasis and Cysticercosis

Taenia saginata and Taenia solium are found through the whole world, especially in developing countries. These tapeworms live in the small intestines of humans. Cattle and pigs are the intermediate animal hosts. Serious signs and symptoms are found if T. solium is infecting the central nervous system. Cases with epileptic seizures and abnormal behavior are often found in endemic areas. In Mexico among 68.754 human serum samples 0,06-2,97% were found positive for cysticercosis. Apparently there was an association between high sero prevalence rates and low socio-economic conditions. In several countries in Latin America, prevalences were between 0,1-8,7%, whereas prevalences between 0,05-10,4% were detected in Asia and Africa. In Indonesia taeniasis/cysticercosis are mostly found in three provinces i.e. North Sumatra, Bali and Irian Jaya. Cases were also discovered in North Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara and West Kalimantan. The prevalences of taeniasis/cysticercosis in Indonesia were between 1,0-42,7%. The highest prevalence rate was in Irian Jaya (Papua). Not many reports are available for cysticercosis in cattle and in pigs in the world, including Indonesia. The collection of epidemiological data such as on prevalence rates and distribution are needed for a successful control program. In addition community health education should be implemented in control programs

Prevalence and distribution of Taeniasis and Cysticercosis

Taenia saginata and Taenia solium are found through the whole world, especially in developing countries. These tapeworms live in the small intestines of humans. Cattle and pigs are the intermediate animal hosts. Serious signs and symptoms are found if T. solium is infecting the central nervous system. Cases with epileptic seizures and abnormal behavior are often found in endemic areas. In Mexico among 68.754 human serum samples 0,06-2,97% were found positive for cysticercosis. Apparently there was an association between high sero prevalence rates and low socio-economic conditions. In several countries in Latin America, prevalences were between 0,1-8,7%, whereas prevalences between 0,05-10,4% were detected in Asia and Africa. In Indonesia taeniasis/cysticercosis are mostly found in three provinces i.e. North Sumatra, Bali and Irian Jaya. Cases were also discovered in North Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara and West Kalimantan. The prevalences of taeniasis/cysticercosis in Indonesia were between 1,0-42,7%. The highest prevalence rate was in Irian Jaya (Papua). Not many reports are available for cysticercosis in cattle and in pigs in the world, including Indonesia. The collection of epidemiological data such as on prevalence rates and distribution are needed for a successful control program. In addition community health education should be implemented in control programs

Japanese encephalitis in children

Japanese encephalitis is a zoonotic disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus, attacking domestic animals, mainly pigs and birds. It is transmitted to humans by mosquito bites, namely Culex tritaeniorhyncus

Factors Associated With Occurrence of Cysticercosis Among Wamena People’s, at Jayawijaya District, Papua Province, In 2002

Cysticercosis is a disease caused by the larva of Taenia solium, the pig tapeworm, whereas taeniasis solium is caused by the adult worm, which lives in the small human intestines. The prevalence of taeniasis/cysticercosis in Indonesia varies from 1.0% to 42.7% and until now is found predominantly in three provinces i.e. Bali, North Sumatera and Papua. The highest prevalence was found in Papua during the year 1997 (42,7%). This case-control study was designed for finding factors in connection with the existing cysticercosis in Sub-district Wamena, District Jawawijaya. The number of cases consisted of all patients suffering from cysticercosis aged more than 8 years, found by questionaires during a survey for Taeniasis, Cysticercosis and Neurocysticercosis, conducted by the team from January till February 2002 and the control group consisted of individuals without cysticercosis during the survey. The diagnosis of cysticercosis was determined with ELISA by antibody detection of the parasites in the serum of both groups. Among the total number of variables several factors were found significantly associated with the existence of cysticercosis after calculation as a whole i.e. washing hands (OR 4.9 95%CI:2.55-9.61), profession (OR 2.11 95%CI:1.14-3.91), frequency of bathing (OR 2.59 95%CI:1.31-5.13), source of clean water (OR 2.41 95%CI:1.31- 4.44) and sanitation (OR 6.25 95%CI:3.14-12.44). Community health education is recommended on topics such as the habit of washing hands, bathing with clean water and using standard toilets. It is suggested that the local government provides clean water facilities and general sanitation facilities