Difficulties in the Differential Diagnosis of Crohn’s Disease

Currently, the main difficulty in the accurate diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with the high prevalence of infectious, allergic and autoimmune diseases leading to intestinal lesions mimicking IBD. In geographical regions where there is endemicity for certain infections, in particular tuberculosis, timely verification of the diagnoses of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) is a serious problem. Some infectious, allergic and autoimmune pathologies can not only imitate the clinical and endoscopic picture of IBD, but also complicate the course of an existing IBD, as a result of which there is resistance to the prescribed basic therapy in patients with UC and CD. Unfortunately, the complexity and limited possibilities of diagnostic methods can often be the reason for the belated establishment of an accurate diagnosis. Thus, in all these diseases, the main fecal markers for verifying the diagnosis of IBD, fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin, often have elevated values

Investigation of the electric dipole (

E1 transition properties such as the reduced transition probabilities, excitation energies and photon–absorption cross-sections have been theoretically investigated for $$^{\mathrm {181}}$$Ta nucleus within the framework of Translational and Galileo Invariant-Quasiparticle Phonon Nuclear Model (TGI-QPNM). The model Hamiltonian includes the single-particle and the isovector dipole–dipole interaction terms along with the restoration forces. The strength of the isovector dipole–dipole interaction has been chosen to be $$\chi = 500/\hbox {A}^{\mathrm {5/3}} MeV \cdot fm^{-2}$$. Theoretical calculations show that in addition to the M1 excitations, there is considerable amount of E1 transitions especially between 2.6–3 MeV, which gives remarkable contribution to the fragmentation in the low-energy region of the dipole spectrum. Thus, the agreement between theory and experiment in terms of the fragmentation increases. Furthermore, the photon–absorption cross-sections in the Pigmy Dipole Resonance (PDR) region below the neutron separation energy ($$S_{n}$$) is compatible with experimental data