Tonemska nasprotja v slovenskem govoru vasi Sele: izguba tonemskosti na avstrijskem Koroškem

SLV: Prispevek opisuje strojno razčlembo sodobnega stanja tonemskih nasprotij v slovenskem govoru vasi Sele na avstrijskem Koroškem. Študija, ki je bila izvedena poleti in jeseni 2007, kaže, da so tonemska nasprotja dosledno ohranjena pri starejši generaciji, medtem ko se pri mlajši izgubljajo, čeprav ne dosledno. ENG: This paper is a description of an instrumental analysis of the contemporary state of tonemic op¬positions in the Slovene micro-dialect of Sele in Austrian Carinthia. The study, conducted during the summer and fall of 2007, indicates that tonemic oppositions are uniformly preserved among the older generation and being lost, although not uniformly, among the younger generation

Anomalous wave propagation across the South Caspian Basin

The Caspian basin blocks the propagation of the regional seismic phase Lg and this has importance consequences for seismic discrimination in the Middle East. Intermediate period surface waves propagating across the basin are also severely affected. In a separate study we have developed a crustal model of the south Caspian basin and the surrounding region. The crust of the basin consists of 15-25 km of low velocity, highly attenuating sediments lying on high velocity crystalline crust. The Moho beneath the basin is at a depth of about 30 km as compared to about 50 km in the surrounding region. In this study we used an idealized rendition of this crustal model to compute hybrid normal mode finite difference synthetic seismograms to identify the features of the Caspian basin which lead to the seismic blockage. Of the various features of the basin, the thickness and attenuation of the sediments appear to be the dominant blocking mechanism

Modeling anomalous surface - wave propagation across the Southern Caspian basin

The crust of the south Caspian basin consists of 15-25 km of low velocity, highly attenuating sediment overlying high velocity crystalline crust. The Moho depth beneath the basin is about 30 km as compared to about 50 km in the surrounding region. Preliminary modeling of the phase velocity curves shows that this thick sediments of the south Caspian basin are also under-lain by a 30-35 km thick crystalline crust and not by typical oceanic crust. This analysis also suggest that if the effect of the over-pressuring of the sediments is to reduce Poissons` ratio, the over-pressured sediments observed to approximately 5 km do not persist to great depths. It has been shown since 1960`s that the south Caspian basin blocks the regional phase Lg. Intermediate frequency (0.02-0.04 Hz) fundamental mode Raleigh waves propagating across the basin are also severely attenuated, but the low frequency surface waves are largely unaffected. This attenuation is observed along the both east-to-west and west-to-east great circle paths across the basin, and therefore it cannot be related to a seismograph site effect. We have modeled the response of surface waves in an idealized rendition of the south Caspian basin model using a hybrid normal mode / 2-D finite difference approach. To gain insight into the features of the basin which cause the anomalous surface wave propagation, we have varied parameters of the basin model and computed synthetic record sections to compare with the observed seismograms. We varied the amount of mantel up-warp, the shape of the boundaries, the thickness and shear wave Q of the sediments and mantle, and the depth of the water layer. Of these parameters, the intermediate frequency surface waves are most severely affected by the sediments thickness and shear wave attenuation. fundamental mode Raleigh wave phase velocities measure for paths crossing the basin are extremely low

Closed-form expressions for predicting moment redistribution in reinforced concrete beams with application to conventional concrete and ultrahigh performance fiber reinforced concrete

Publication Date : 2020-03-27The redistribution of moment within a statically indeterminate reinforced concrete beam at the ultimate limit state occurs through variations in the flexural rigidities and through the formation of hinges. The phenomena of moment redistribution (MR) is used to increase the efficiency of reinforced concrete design by allowing moments to be transferred away from critical cross sections thereby resulting in lower design moments. To allow for this effect in design, two main approaches are adopted. The first is to perform an elastic analysis and then to adjust the resulting distribution of moment using a codified MR factor. The second is to apply a plastic analysis allowing for the formation of hinges, and to calculate the rotational requirements at the hinges from first principles. This paper uses fundamental plastic analyses to derive closed‐form expressions for the hinge rotational requirements for full MR (that required to achieve the theoretical maximum applied load within the beam based on the moment capacity of sections within the beam). These closed‐form solutions are then used to quantify the maximum load on a beam when the rotational capacities at a hinge are less than the rotational requirements for full MR (partial MR). Closed‐form solutions are then used to derive MR factors which do not require semimechanical calibration.Alexander B. Sturm, Phillip Visintin, Deric J. Oehler