Family Business Succession Planning Opportunities

Family businesses account for over 50% of U.S. GDP, and 35% of Fortune 500 companies are controlled by families. These companies are vital to the economy, offering stability, a long-term commitment, and responsibility to their communities and employees. Although family-owned businesses are responsible for 60% of jobs in America, a recent family business survey done by the National Bureau of Economic Research’s Family Business Alliance indicates that despite succession being a critical issue for many family companies, only 15% of them have anything resembling a succession plan in place. Furthermore, businesses have a difficult time surviving through multiple generations; just making it to the second generation is a milestone event; only 30% make it through the second generation, and just 12% make it through the third (“The Family Business Sector in 2016: Success and Succession,” PricewaterhouseCoopers, https://pwc.to/2D3ftcF). This article explains how CPAs, as trusted advisors, can play a significant role in establishing prudent and functional succession plans for their business owner clients

Causation in international protection from armed conflict

This chapter builds on the seminal work of James Hathaway and Michelle Foster on causation in the context of refugee protection under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (Refugee Convention). Whereas the focus of Hathaway and Foster\u27s work has been on refugee protection under the Refugee Convention, particularly the nexus between \u27being persecuted\u27 and the five grounds listed in Article 1(A)2 of the Refugee Convention. The chapter expands the scope of enquiry to other forms of international protection of pertinence to victims of armed conflict, with an empirical focus on the practice of the UK courts. Causation has long been an issue of considerable interest for the UK courts and tribunals, particularly in tort law. A search on Westlaw UK, Keyword \u27causation\u27, found 4000 hits, all under Cases, none under Legislation, Journals, current awareness or EU

Regionalism in World Agricultural Trade: Lessons from Gravity Model Estimation

Relative to trade in non-agricultural goods, progress in achieving agricultural trade liberalization under the GATT/WTO has been slow. Agricultural trade is characterized by persistently high levels of protection on a scale that is uncommon in non-agricultural trade. Article XXIV of the GATT, 1994 permits a group of countries to form a trade union whereby trade barriers are reduced or removed on all sectors of trade. Within regional trade agreements however, agricultural trade often receives special treatment, and in some cases, agriculture is completely exempt. Typically, debates over the effects of regional trade agreements have focused on welfare. In this study we seek to answer a more fundamental question of what effect these agreements have had on agricultural trade.International Relations/Trade,

5D Yang-Mills instantons from ABJM Monopoles

In the presence of a background supergravity flux, N M2-branes will expand via the Myers effect into M5-branes wrapped on a fuzzy three-sphere. In previous work the fluctuations of the M2-branes were shown to be described by the five-dimensional Yang-Mills gauge theory associated to D4-branes. We show that the ABJM prescription for eleven-dimensional momentum in terms of magnetic flux lifts to an instanton flux of the effective five-dimensional Yang-Mills theory on the sphere, giving an M-theory interpretation for these instantons.Comment: 29 pages, Latex; v2: added references and a comment on the graviphoton coupling in section 5; v3: typos corrected and references adde

Picosecond excitation of jet-cooled hydrogen-bonded systems: Dispersed fluorescence and time-resolved studies of methyl salicylatea

Long progressions involving frequency intervals of 180 cm^(−1) are observed in the fluoresence of MS for 3327.5 Å excitation. (AIP