Surface pretreatments for medical application of adhesion

Medical implants and prostheses (artificial hips, tendono- and ligament plasties) usually are multi-component systems that may be machined from one of three material classes: metals, plastics and ceramics. Typically, the body-sided bonding element is bone. The purpose of this contribution is to describe developments carried out to optimize the techniques , connecting prosthesis to bone, to be joined by an adhesive bone cement at their interface. Although bonding of organic polymers to inorganic or organic surfaces and to bone has a long history, there remains a serious obstacle in realizing long-term high-bonding strengths in the in vivo body environment of ever present high humidity. Therefore, different pretreatments, individually adapted to the actual combination of materials, are needed to assure long term adhesive strength and stability against hydrolysis. This pretreatment for metal alloys may be silica layering; for PE-plastics, a specific plasma activation; and for bone, amphiphilic layering systems such that the hydrophilic properties of bone become better adapted to the hydrophobic properties of the bone cement. Amphiphilic layering systems are related to those developed in dentistry for dentine bonding. Specific pretreatment can significantly increase bond strengths, particularly after long term immersion in water under conditions similar to those in the human body. The bond strength between bone and plastic for example can be increased by a factor approaching 50 (pealing work increasing from 30 N/m to 1500 N/m). This review article summarizes the multi-disciplined subject of adhesion and adhesives, considering the technology involved in the formation and mechanical performance of adhesives joints inside the human body

Avaliação da resistência da união metal-resina usando sistemas de retenção mecânico e químico Evaluation of the resistance of metal-resin bond using mechanical and chemical retention systems

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento da união metal-resina empregando-se cinco tipos de retenção na estrutura metálica, em três ligas comerciais de Ni-Cr: Duceranium U, Wiron 99 e Wirocer. Um total de 90 corpos-de-prova foi submetido ao ensaio de cisalhamento e os resultados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente, o que permitiu concluir que a interação retenção versus ligas foi estatisticamente significante em nível de 1% de probabilidade, sendo que o maior valor médio de resistência foi obtido com a liga Wirocer com retenção mecânica 0,6 mm, e o menor foi obtido com a liga Wiron 99 com retenção química.<br>The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the resistance of metal-resin bonding using the Silicoater® MD system (Kulzer), five types of retention in the metal structure, and three commercial Ni-Cr alloys: Duceranium U, Wiron 99 and Wirocer. A total of 90 samples were submitted to the shearing test. Statistical analysis of the results permitted us to conclude that retention versus alloy interaction was statistically significant at a 1% level of probability, the highest mean value being obtained with the Wirocer alloy with mechanical retention with 0.6 mm spheres. The lowest mean values were observed with the Wiron 99 alloy with chemical retention