Modelling and control of a hybrid renewable energy system to supply demand of a green-building

Renewable energy sources are an “indigenous” environmental option, , economically competitive with conventional power generation where good wind and solar resources are available. Hybrid plants can help in improving the economic and environmental sustainability of renewable energy systems to fulfil the energy demand. The aim of this paper is to present the architecture of a Decision Support System (DSS) that can be used for the optimal energy management at a local scale through the integration of different renewable energy sources. The integrated model representing a hybrid energy generation system connected to the grid is developed. It consists of PV and solar thermal modules, wind turbine and biomass plant. Moreover, a framework is presented for the optimization of the different ways to ensure the electrical and thermal energy demand of the microgrid as well as the water demand, with specific reference to two main cases for the real time energy optimal control: the presence/absence of a storage system. Finally, the optimization model has been applied to a case study

Modelling and control of hydrogen and energy flows in a network of green hydrogen refuelling stations powered by mixed renewable energy systems

International audienceThe planning of a hydrogen infrastructure with production facilities, distribution chains, and refuelling stations is a hard task. Difficulties may rise essentially in the choice of the optimal configurations. An innovative design of hydrogen network has been proposed in this paper. It consists of a network of green hydrogen refuelling stations (GHRSs) and several production nodes. The proposed model has been formulated as a mathematical programming, where the main decisions are the selection of GHRSs that are powered by the production nodes based on distance and population density criteria, as well the energy and hydrogen flows exchanged among the system components from the production nodes to the demand points. The approaches and methodologies developed can be taken as a support to decision makers, stakeholders and local authorities in the implementation of new hydrogen infrastructures. Optimal configurations have been reported taking into account the presence of an additional hydrogen industrial market demand and a connection with the electrical network. The main challenge that has been treated within the paper is the technical feasibility of the hydrogen supply chain, that is mainly driven by uncertain, but clean solar and wind energy resources. Using a Northern Italian case study, the clean hydrogen produced can be technically considered feasible to supply a network of hydrogen refuelling stations. Results show that the demands are satisfied for each time period and for the market penetration scenarios adopte

Optimal Planning with Technology Selection for Wind Power Plants in Power Distribution Networks

This paper proposes a comprehensive decision framework to optimally plan wind power plants (WPPs) with technology selection in the distribution network. The proposed framework aims to maximize the net present value (NPV) associated with the WPP investment over a given planning horizon for various bus locations. The proposed design accounts for various practical cost factors, historical data of wind speeds, and WPP installation restrictions due to territorial information, environmental considerations, and work constraints, in the decision making process of optimal planning and technology selection for WPP. The planning problem, which maximizes the NPV over the potential WPP installation locations, potential technologies, and the size of WPPs, is formulated as a constrained optimization problem. The proposed design is evaluated using case studies to test its concrete practices with a radial network of 33-bus distribution system

Towards a Concept of Cooperating Power Network for Energy Management and Control of Microgrids

This chapter provides an outline of the operation and control of smart microgrids as well demand-side management and demand response programs, in addition to energy market trading. Furthermore, the chapter introduces the concept of coordination and interconnection of a set of smart microgrids in a network, showing its benefits, advantages, and outcomes, and presents an overview of the mathematical modeling of the network and its features as well as a description of robust control methods adapted to optimally control the energy exchanges at the network level considering uncertainties of loads and energy production

A regional decision support system for onsite renewable hydrogen production from solar and wind energy sources

Hydrogen technologies driven by renewable energy sources (RES) represent an attractive energy solution to ensure environmental sustainability. In this paper, a decision support system for the hydrogen exploitation is presented, focusing on some specific planning aspects. In particular, the planning aspects regard the selection of locations with high hydrogen production mainly based on the use of solar and wind energy sources. Four modules were considered namely, the evaluation of the wind and solar potentials, the analysis of the hydrogen potential, the development of a regional decision support module and a last module that regards the modelling of a hybrid onsite hydrogen production system. The overall approach was applied to a specific case study in Liguria region, in the north of Italy

Hazard and risk evaluation in hydrogen pipelines

The purpose of this paper is the definition and the implementation of a simplified mathematical model to estimate the hazard and the risk related to the use of high-pressurized hydrogen pipeline. Based on the combination of empirical relations and analytical models, this paper sets the basis for suitable models for consequence analysis in terms of estimating fire length and of predicting its thermal radiation. The results are compared either with experimental data available in the literature, thus by setting the same operations and failure conditions, or with other conventional gaseous fuel currently used

Stochastic constrained linear quadratic control in a network of smart microgrids

none4Challenges of microgrids (MGs) energy management have gained more relevance with the presence of uncertainties in power generation and local loads. These problems significantly increase when related to network of smart MGs (NSMG). To address these challenges, this study presents a stochastic constrained control problem for the optimal management of a cooperative NSMG with interconnections allowing power exchanges. In this model, each MG can exchange power locally among each other as well as with the main electric grid. The proposed control approach is based on a linear-quadratic Gaussian problem definition for the optimal control of power flows under quadratic constraints limiting the variability of the power exchange as well as of the stored energy in each MG. The developed framework is applied to a cooperative network of four smart MGs to test and validate its effectiveness and performance. The network is connected to the main electric grid allowing power exchanges. The results demonstrate that the role of energy storage systems is undoubtedly becoming more and more relevant in the context of reacting to the stochastic behaviour of the balance between produced and consumed powers in MGs.noneBersani C.; Dagdougui H.; Ouammi A.; Sacile R.Bersani, C.; Dagdougui, H.; Ouammi, A.; Sacile, R

A Dynamic Decision Model for the Real-Time Control of Hybrid Renewable Energy Production Systems

The use of renewable energy sources can reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and the dependence on fossil fuels. The main problem of the installations based on renewable energy is that electricity generation cannot be fully forecasted and may not follow the trend of the actual energy demand. Hybrid systems (including different subsystems such as renewable energy plants, energy storage systems based on hydrogen or dam water reservoirs) can help in improving the economic and environmental sustainability of renewable energy plants. In addition, hybrid systems may be used to satisfy other user demands (such as water supply or hydrogen for automotive use). However, their use should be optimized in order to fulfill the user demand in terms of energy or other needs. In this paper, a model representing an integrated hybrid system based on a mix of renewable energy generation/conversion technologies (e.g., electrolyzer, hydroelectric plant, pumping stations, wind turbines, fuel cell) is presented. The model includes an optimization problem for the control of the different ways to store energy. The goal is to satisfy the hourly variable electric, hydrogen, and water demands. A specific application area in Morocco is considered and the results obtained are discussed in detail