The Effect of Mesalazine on Pain Management in Patients with Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Background and Objective: Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the common gastrointestinal complaints that is often resistant to standard treatment. Since mesalazine reduces abdominal pain and diarrhea through its anti-inflammatory effects, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of mesalazine on pain management in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Methods: This case-control study was conducted among 100 patients diagnosed with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome referred to Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital in Babol. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 50, receiving standard treatment (amitriptyline 25 mg) and a group that received mesalazine at a dose of 500 mg for 4 weeks three times a day in addition to standard treatment. Subjects were examined and compared in terms of pain intensity and frequency of discharge and recovery. Findings: The intensity of pain after treatment in the case group was lower than before treatment (4.66±2.29 vs. 7.80±2.01) (p=0.004). Out of 50 patients, 38 people (76.0%) in the case group and only 20 people (40%) in the control group recovered (p<0.001). In the case group, the number of bowel movements after treatment (2.20±0.92) was significantly less than before (4.92±0.92) (p<0.001). In the control group, the number of bowel movements showed a statistically significant difference before and after treatment (5.22±1.07 vs. 2.50±1.19) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, mesalazine is significantly effective in reducing the intensity of pain caused by irritable bowel syndrome. However, there was no difference in the number of excretions

The Effect of Wheat Sprout Extract on Skin Injury Following Injection of Lead Acetate in Rat

Abstract &nbsp; Background & aim: Skin is constantly exposed to environmental contaminants such as heavy metals (lead).Medicinal plants have been concern for the treatment of of human pain. and pain. Wheat Sprout is one of medicinal plants which are rich in vitamins, minerals and powerful antioxidant compounds respectively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of wheat Sprout extract on tissue texture following injection of lead acetate in rats. &nbsp; Methods: Thirty healthy adult Wistar rats were divided randomly into six groups: Control group received 1 ml/kg/day of normal saline, group 2 received 20 mg/kg/day of lead acetate intraperitoneally respectively, group 3 and group 4 received 100 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day of wheat sprout extract by gavage feeding, group 5 and group 6 received 100 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day of wheat sprout extract by gavage feeding along with 20 mg/kg/day of lead acetate intraperitoneally. After five weeks, skin tissue of dorsal region and blood samples were collected for histomorphometric studies and serum assessment. Serum samples were tested for determining antioxidant activity (AOA) based on power ferric reduction antioxidant (FRAP) assay and peroxidation of lipids by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA). The 5 to 6 &mu;m thickness sections were made using paraffin embedding method after stained by hematoxylin and eosin, safranin and masson trichrome. For microscopic study, Dino-Lite digital lens and Dino Capture 2 Software were used. &nbsp; Results: The lead significantly decreased the total thickness of the skin, the dermal layer, hypoderm, the number and maximum depth of hair follicles and the epidermis pod thickness of the hair root compared with the control group (p <0.05). A significant increase was seen in numbers of sebaceous glands and hair follicles in group receiving 200 mg/kg/day of wheat sprout, compared to that in control group (P <0.001). Wheat sprout simultaneously with lead increased the epidermis sheath thickness of the root (p <0.01) but no significant increase was seen in the depth of hair follicles in comparison with the lead group.MDA level showed a significant increase in lead group, compared to control group (P <0.01). AOA level showed a significant increase in wheat sprout (200 mg/kg/day) group, compared to other groups (P <0.001). &nbsp; Conclusion: The results showed that lead can induce negative effects in skin tissues. Wheat sprout extract (200 mg/kg/day) can inhibit toxic effects of lead in skin tissues and that leads to refreshing in skin. &nbsp; &nbsp

Determination the Amount of Illegal Furazolidone Residues in Broilers in Ahvaz Abattoir by HPLC Method

Background & aim: due to the risks to human health, particularly in terms of carcinogenicity, the application of Furazolidone in animals which their products are consumed by human population is strongly prohibited. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of unauthorized furazolidone in broiler chickens slaughtered in Ahvaz by using HPLC. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study which was conducted within six months, 100 broiler carcasses were randomly collected from Ahvaz slaughterhouses. Then by using ice, the carcasses were transported to the laboratory in less than 24 hours inorder to illicit the amount of furazolidone drug by the HPLC method. After extraction and degrading processes, using Ethyl-acetate and related protocols for isolation of Furazolidone from muscles, and also calibrating HPLC system to obtain standard curves, the amount of 20 microliters of each sample was injected to the HPLC device and the amounts of Furazolidone were determined in the mixture of pectoral and femoral muscles. Finally the obtained results were statistically analysed by using one sample t-test in the SPSS software. Results: The mean Furazolidone concentration in the mixture of femoral and thorasic muscles was 28.15±2.37 mg/kg. Thirty-nine percent of the samples were positive for containing illegal Furazolidone residue. Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, more attention is seriously recommended by authorized responsibilities to prevent the antibiotic residues such as furazolidone in poultry meat

The Effect of Concurrent Administration of Metoclopramide, Bromocriptine and Cumin Essential Oils on Rat Ovary

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Due to the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of endocrine diseases, including ovarian cyst and on the other hand, according to the estrogenic properties of cumin, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cumin oil on histopathological changes in the rat ovary, in the presence or absence of dopaminergic agonists and antagonists. METHODS: In this experimental animal models study, 35 female rats were divided into 7 groups, they received, saline, metoclopramide (90 mg/kg intrapreritoneal), bromocriptine (4mg/kg subcutaneous), metoclopramide, bromocriptine, metoclopramide, cumin (4mg/kg oral), cumin, bromocriptine, cumin, for 10 days, respectively and then sacrificed by chloroform, then ovaries were removed and the number of ovarian cysts, follicular atresia and mature follicles were studied by histopathological methods. FINDINGS: Metoclopramide significantly increased, the number of follicle atresia (1/4±0/254) and the number of follicular cysts (2±0) in four field microscopy (p≤0.002). Bromocriptine increased significantly, the number of mature follicles(1/4±0/254). Cumin increased, the number of follicle atresia (0/5±0/289) and follicular cysts but prevented the effect of metoclopramide in increasing the number of follicular cysts. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that cumin can prevent ovarian cysts by dopaminergic antagonists. While in the presence of dopaminergic agonis has cyst-forming effect

Antioxidant Effect of Montelukast on Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Dogs

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Acute lung injury is characterized by accumulation of neutrophils in the lung, interstitial edema, and damage to the alveolar epithelium. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes an inflammatory response and the release of reactive oxygen species and cellular and tissue damage to the lungs. Considering the role of oxidative stress in infections and proving the antioxidant properties of montelukast in several studies, the effect of montelukast on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (as a model of infection) in dogs was investigated in this study. METHODS: In this experimental study, 20 healthy dogs (both male and female dogs of native breed with an average weight of 20 kg) were divided into four equal groups. The first group received oral montelukast (1 mg/kg), the second group received intravenous LPS (0.1 µg/kg), the third group received montelukast one hour before LPS and the fourth group received montelukast one hour after LPS. Bronchoalveolar lavage and blood sampling were performed at hour zero and 1.5 hours after the start of the test and the amount of malondialdehyde, catalase activity, glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity in serum and lavage fluid were measured using a kit. FINDINGS: LPS significantly increased malondialdehyde levels (from 10.5 to 139.8 μmol) and decreased catalase activity (from 0.018 to 0.007 μmol) (p= 0.0001), glutathione peroxidase (from 259 to 76.5 nmol) and the total antioxidant capacity (from 0.41 to 0.04 nmol) compared to hour zero. These changes were significantly adjusted by montelukast (p≤ 0.02). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that montelukast can enhance antioxidant defense against acute lung injury induced by LPS