New Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition and disorder causing psychological deterioration triggered by terrifying events or traumatic experiences either by experiencing or by witnessing it. Though many people have common feelings, PTSD symptoms vary from one person to another. So it is strongly recommended to focus on new diagnostic and therapeutic methods relying and structured on a neurobiological dimension by collecting and processing neuroimaging data. It is crucial to make a profound analysis of PTSD in terms of its ontological, biological, developmental, psychological, and sociological aspects. Both with the new treatment opportunities and involvement of in silico-based artificial intelligence applications, new psychotherapy techniques and new discourses in digital media will be possible. Within the scope of the study, ontological discussions are followed and juxtaposed by Neuro-Biological Perspectives on Genomics and Epigenomics as well as the clinical and neuro-imaginative perspectives and clinical overviews of PTSD. Besides, the neuro-developmental views in the context of children along with adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and their relation to PTSD are analyzed by emphasizing the significance of brain development. Sociological aspects of PTSD in the digital habitus are collocated to develop unique therapy approaches that embrace sociological perspectives of Information Society

GEN TERAPİSİ VE VİRAL VEKTÖRLERİN KULLANIMI İLE BEYNE GEN NAKLİ

Treating monogenic disorders via gene therapy although still considered experimental by some, has becoming a more accepted method lately especially in these last 10 years with a number of recent clinical successes. Genetic modifications are becoming easier to perform with the progressing technology and discovery of new techniques such as the Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) methods which can modify DNA with great ease and accuracy. Gene therapy is a powerful technique with huge potential to treat psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Gene therapy is simple in principle, which is corrective genetic material is sent into cells and the disease is cured by ending the problem at its source. Viral and non-viral vectors which are used for the delivery of the desired genes to the targeted cells are briefly listed and explained. Unlike viral vectors non-viral vectors don’t cause an immune response but their pretty low transfer rate makes them rather less interesting for research. Viral vectors of adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, retroviruses with its subclass of lentiviruses and herpes viruses are compared with their advantages and disadvantages related to usage in brain and CNS treatment of our topic. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) have important roles in brain and nervous tissue. Delivering NTFs via viral vectors for treating neurodegenerative diseases is a promising approach. Providing information about principles, methods, hurdles and clinical applications of gene therapy with its historic background to present it with its all basic details and therapeutic effects it can provide to problems related to brain are aimed in this writing

TRİKOTİLLOMANİDE ALIŞKANLIĞI TERSİNE ÇEVİRME EĞİTİMİ

Trichotillomania is a psychiatric disorder that involves repetitive hair pulling to the point of apparent loss. No approved treatment algorithm is available for trichotillomania. We present a case report of a 28-year-old female diagnosed as trichotillomania, with complaints of recurrent hair pulling resulting in noticeable hair loss. She was treated with Habit Reversal Training and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (sertraline) over a period of 6 weeks. Habit reversal training includes self-monitoring, awareness training, competing response training, and homework assignments. The aim of this case report is to provide a brief description of habit reversal training, which is unfamiliar to many professionals

TRİKOTİLOMANİDE N-ASETİLSİSTEİN KULLANIMI

Trichotillomania is a chronic mental disorder characterized by recurrent hair-pulling. Hoarding, excoriation and trichotillomania are classified as obsessive-compulsive related disorders in DSM-5, which share similar clinical presentations, characterized by inappropriate and excessive repetitive behaviors and dysregulation of inhibitory control processes. Research evidence suggests that abnormalities in the cortico-striato-thalamic-cortical circuits are one of the key factors underlying the pathophysiology of obsessivecompulsive related disorders, including trichotillomania. Glutamate is the primary neurotransmitter within the cortico-striato-thalamiccortical circuits. Therefore, the use of glutamate-modulating agents is subject to interest for obsessive-compulsive related disorders. N-acetylcysteine, a derivate of the amino acid L-cysteine, has been explored as potential therapy for obsessive-compulsive related disorders, including trichotillomania. Pharmacotherapies that target the prefrontal glutamatergic system, such as N-acetylcysteine, may correct the underlying pathophysiologic abnormalities and symptoms of trichotillomania. Even a limited number of studies are suggesting that N-acetylcysteine is a promising treatment option, these studies did not assess treatment effects exceeding 3-4 months treatment period. Longer term effects of N-acetylcysteine therapy in trichotillomania require further evaluatio

MELODIC INTONATION THERAPY IN AN APHASIC PATIENT

Communication deficits resulting from aphasia can negatively impact stroke survivors’ social life. It has been reported that patients with severe non-fluent aphasia are better at singing lyrics than speaking the same words. Based on lesion studies, it is generally proposed that the right hemisphere is dominant especially for melody production. We present a 28-year-old woman with non-fluent aphasia as the result of a left hemisphere ischemic stroke involving mainly the superior division of the middle cerebral artery, and classified as having Broca’s aphasia. She was taken into melodic intonation therapy with speech therapy. Singing is accessible and enjoyable for many people with aphasia and melodic intonation therapies may facilitate recovery in such non-fluent aphasic patients

İŞİTSEL VARSANILARIN TEDAVİSİNDE TRANSKARANİAL MANYETİK UYARIM KULLANIMI: BİR OLGU SUNUMU VE KISA GÖZDEN GEÇİRME

In this case we report the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment resistant auditory verbal hallucinations. The majority of protocols have utilized low-frequency suppressive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left temporoparietal cortex with some therapeutic benefits in ameliorating auditory hallucinations. Normalizing the functional connectivity between the temporoparietal and frontal brain regions may underlie the therapeutic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. Regarding side effects, the rTMS intervention was well tolerated in this case. Future research must focus on the optimum stimulation site and parameters

PARASOMNIAS

Parasomniyalar, uyku veya uyku-uyanıklık geçişlerinin belirli aşamaları ile ilişkili ortaya çıkan, uyku sırasında yürüme veya konuşma gibi, istenmeyen fiziksel veya sözel davranışlar ile karakterizedir. Uluslararası Uyku Bozuklukları Sınıflaması parasomnileri dört gruba ayırır: Uyarılma bozukluğu, uyku-uyanıklık geçişi bozuklukları, hızlı göz hareketleri (REM) evresi uyku bozuklukları ve diğer parasomniyalar. Parasomniyalar, aşırı motor aktivite ve diğer karmaşık motor davranışlar eşliğinde ortaya çıktığında, hastanın ve partnerinin yaşam kalitesini etkileyebilir. Motor davranışlar, yatak ile sınırlı olabilir veya olmayabilir ancak hastanın hareket halinde veya ajite olması tehlikeli olabilir. Davranışlar amaca veya hedefe yönelik görünebilir ancak ortaya çıkma zamanı ile uyumsuzdur. Bu nedenle, uygun tanı ve tedavi stratejileri gereklidir