Kağıt üretiminde CaCO3 dolgu maddesinin kimyasal tutunması üzerine bir araştırma

Hammadde sıkıntısının ileri boyutlarda yaşandığı kağıt/karton endüstrisinde, çok çeşitli dolgu maddeleri farklı oranlarda kağıt ve karton üretiminde, selüloz lif kullanımını azaltma yanında çok çeşitli fonksiyonlar için tercih edilmektedir. Hamur süspansiyonuna ıslak partide katılan bir dolgu maddesinin, elek üzerinde yüksek oranda kalması, kağıt/karton içerisinde homojen dağılması ve liflere iyi tutunması arzu edilir. Bu araştırmanın birinci aşamasında, uzun polimer ve inorganik bir polielektrolitin, eski kağıt işleyen bir kağıt fabrikasının atık suyunu arıtma seviyeleri incelenmiştir. İkinci aşamada ise bu kimyasalların dolgu tutunmasına katkısı tek tek ve beraber araştırılmıştır. %60/40 oranında harman yapılmış ağartılmış uzun ve kısa elyaf kağıt hamurları kademeli olarak 45 shopper (ºSR) değerine gelene kadar işlenmiştir. Diğer taraftan dolgu olarak kalsiyum karbonat seyreltik olarak saf su içerisinde homojen bir şekilde dağıtılmış ve farklı oranlarında katılım gerçekleştirilerek çok sayıda el kağıtları üretilmiştir. Üretilen kağıtlara ilk aşamada hiçbir kimyasal katılmadan, özellikle dolgu tutunmaları ve kağıtların bazı özellikleri takip edilmiştir. Tutunma seviyesi hassas olan %30 dolgu içeren el kağıtları, devam eden aşamalarında, sırasıyla katyonik uzun polimer ve yeni geliştirilmiş olan kısa bir inorganik polielektrolitin farklı oranlarda ayrı ayrı ve beraber katılımları ile üretilmiştir. Polimerlerin tek katıldığı gruplarda tutunmanın azaldığı birlikte kullanıldığı grupta tutunmanın en iyi sonucu verdiği gözlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, kağıt kalitesi ve çevre açısından tartışılmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Beyaz elyaf, Kalsiyum karbonat, Tutunma, Polielektrolit, Su kirlenmes

Dropped Head and Parkinsonism

Scientific BACKGROUND: Dropped head sing is characterized by severe neck flexion. It results from neck extensor weakness or increased tone of the flexor muscles. This sign is usually reported in neuromuscular diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, polymyositis and myopathy. Among extrapyramidal disorders, dropped head sign is not very common. CASE: Only one case with early dropped head and parkinsonism have been reported in our movement disorders department between 1998 and 2006 among our 330 parkinsonism patients. CONCLUSIONS: Existence of dropped head with extrapyramidal disorders makes one think of MSA. This sign has been reported in Parkinson’s disease recently. Its physiopathology, clinical features, and incidence have not been clarified yet. In our case, which is the first case among 330 patients, with levodopa treatment parkinsonism showed remarkable improvements whereas dropped head sign didn’t show any improvement

Utilization of water reed in production of various insulation panels

Some panels and particleboards were made from reed mats and blends of reed-wood chips to be used inside buildings for sound and heat insulations. It was seen that the outer layers of the reed body (spike) was almost water resistant and exceptionally resistant to the penetration of common adhesives. Therefore, the panels from stitched reed mats exhibited very poor mechanical strength. The sound transmissions of such panels (1-3 km/s) made with various combinations, however, were recorded to be excellent compared with that of particleboards made of wood (17 km/s). Blends of reed chips (2 cm) and wood chips, however, gave particleboards with better mechanical properties (5-17 MPa) than that of panels made from reed mats (2 MPa). An increasing amount of reed chips in tested particleboards was recorded to be improving both sound and heat insulations from 17 to 6 km/s and from 0.34 to 0.27 W/mK, respectively. The bending strength of samples, however, was reduced from 26 to 5 MPa. Thickness swelling was also noted to increase from 18% to 85% due to reed chips addition. It was concluded that the outer layers of water reeds should be modified via chemical and/or enzymatic methods to increase the interfacial bounds between adhesives

CADASIL and A Family

OBJECTIVE: CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) is a systemic vasculopathy that causes various clinical pictures as recurrent ischemic attacks, migrainous headache, pseudo bulbar palsy, epileptic seizures and dementia. Mutations of notch3 gene on chromosome 19 are responsible for the disease. METHODS: The aim of this study is to draw attention to the family history and neuroradiological investigations of a genetically diagnosed CADASIL case. RESULTS: A forty-seven-years-old woman who presented with left hemiparesis was investigated for the cause of stroke as well as her family history. Her mother was reported to have chronic headache. Then inappropriate crying and laughing attacks, behavioral disturbances, urinary incontinency had contributed and she had died at the age of 51 following sudden loss of consciousness. Her father had had four stroke attacks after 45 and before he died at the age of 73 he was unresponsive for the last 10 years. First sibling, 58 years-old female had a history of three stroke attacks and reported forgetfulness. Second sibling, a female, suffered from headache and had died at the age of 37 succeeding two epileptic seizures. Third sibling, 53 years-old female was said to be living bedridden for the last 5 years. Fourth sibling was 51 years-old male and had had a stroke attack at the age of 38. Fifth sibling was 48 years-old female whose speech disorder started 10 years ago. Laughing and crying attacks, incontinency, childish behavior and forgetfulness were also added. Sixth sibling was our patient. Seventh sibling was 45 years-old, male and had no complaints. First, fourth, sixth and seventh siblings were evaluated in systematic, neurological, neuropsychological and neuroradiological perspectives. CONCLUSION: In addition to family history, hyperintensities in temporal polar region and external capsule on flair and T2-weighted MRI supported the diagnosis of CADASIL in our case. The diagnosis was confirmed by detecting R133C mutation in notch3 gene, 4th exo