Digitization and interpretation of vintage 2D seismic reflection data from Hanö Bay, Sweden

Seismic reflection data has been collected for more than half a century for both scientific and industrial purposes. Data sampled in modern surveys are collected, processed and stored digitally. There are, however, large quantities of vintage seismic reflection data that since its original use has been stored away and remains difficult to access in its current form. This data was acquired when it was not yet standard procedure to store seismic data digi-tally, but rather on vintage media formats. This study investigates the possibility of digitizing such data by present-ing and reviewing a workflow model that is applicable for students and individual researchers. To demonstrate this, a grid of 2D marine seismic lines, accompanied by well data, was provided by the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) over the Hanö Bay area, SW Baltic Sea. This data was digitized, processed, interpreted and displayed both as contour maps and 3D surface models. This study also attempts to place what is essentially an untapped resource in a broader perspective by discussing the scientific, educational and economical benefits of transforming vintage seismic data to be preserved and shared in digital format.Reflektionsseismik har använts i forsknings- och prospekteringsändamål sedan första halvan av 1900-talet. De moderna undersökningar som utförs idag behandlar hela datainsamlingsförloppet digitalt och färdig-behandlad data tillgängliggörs sedan för geologisk tolkning i moderna datorprogram. Det finns dock en stor före-komst av äldre seismisk reflektionsdata som sparats ned på numera omoderna format och som i dagsläget är svåråt-komlig för vetenskapliga studier. Den stora datamängden som insamlades under 1970- och 80-talet av Oljeprospek-tering AB (OPAB) är en sådan resurs som innehåller mer än 33 000 kilometer 2D reflektionsseismisk data över Sveriges sedimentära berggrund. Stora delar av denna datasamling har nu skannats till digitalt format och lagrats på SGUs servrar. Denna studie undersöker möjligheterna att digitalisera delar av detta material till så kallade SEG-Y filer, ett filformat som innehåller geofysisk data och som kan bearbetas och tolkas i moderna datorprogram. En fö-reslagen arbetsmodell med syfte att genomföra digitaliseringen på ett lätthanterligt och billigt sätt har utarbetats och presenteras i detta arbete. Avsikten med detta är att studenter och forskare som önskar utföra liknande arbeten ska kunna återupprepa de steg som rekommenderas för en lyckad digitalisering och användning av äldre seismisk data. För att utföra denna undersökning har SGU i Lund bidragit med reflektionsseismisk data samt borrhålsdata över ett område i Hanöbukten i sydvästra Östersjön. Genom att digitalisera, behandla och tolka den data som SGU bidra-git med presenteras i denna studie en konturkarta samt 3D-modeller över det tolkade området. Vidare förs även en diskussion kring värdet av att modernisera och bevara gammal seismisk data i digitalt format, samt hur studenter vid svenska universitet kan dra nytta av att, med svensk sedimentär berggrund som övningsmaterial, utföra seism-iska övningsuppgifter digitalt i olika datorprogram

Multidisciplinary characterization of chlorinated solvents contamination and in-situ remediation with the use of the direct current resistivity and time-domain induced polarization tomography

Soil contamination is a widespread problem and action needs to be taken in order to prevent damage to the groundwater and the life around the contaminated sites. In Sweden, it is estimated that more than 80,000 sites are potentially contaminated, and therefore, there is a demand for investigations and further treatment of the soil. In this paper, we present the results from a methodology applied in a site contaminated with chlorinated solvents, for characterization of the contamination in order to plan the remediation and to follow-up the initial step of in-situ remediation in an efficient way. We utilized the results from three different methods; membrane interface probe for direct measurement of the contaminant concentrations; seismic refraction tomography for investigating the depth to the bedrock interface; and direct current resistivity and time-domain induced polarization tomography to acquire a high-resolution imaging of the electrical properties of the subsurface. The results indicate that our methodology is very promising in terms of site characterization, and furthermore, has great potential for real-time geophysical monitoring of contaminated sites in the future

Targeting SAMHD1 with hydroxyurea in first-line cytarabine-based therapy of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia : Results from the HEAT-AML trial

Background: Treatment of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is based on combination chemotherapy with cytarabine (ara-C) and anthracyclines. Five-year overall survival is below 30%, which has partly been attributed to cytarabine resistance. Preclinical data suggest that the addition of hydroxyurea potentiates cytarabine efficacy by increasing ara-C triphosphate (ara-CTP) levels through targeted inhibition of SAMHD1. Objectives: In this phase 1 trial, we evaluated the feasibility, safety and efficacy of the addition of hydroxyurea to standard chemotherapy with cytarabine/daunorubicin in newly diagnosed AML patients. Methods: Nine patients were enrolled and received at least two courses of ara-C (1 g/m2/2 h b.i.d. d1-5, i.e., a total of 10 g/m2 per course), hydroxyurea (1–2 g d1-5) and daunorubicin (60 mg/m2 d1-3). The primary endpoint was safety; secondary endpoints were complete remission rate and measurable residual disease (MRD). Additionally, pharmacokinetic studies of ara-CTP and ex vivo drug sensitivity assays were performed. Results: The most common grade 3-4 toxicity was febrile neutropenia (100%). No unexpected toxicities were observed. Pharmacokinetic analyses showed a significant increase in median ara-CTP levels (1.5-fold; p = 0.04) in patients receiving doses of 1 g hydroxyurea. Ex vivo, diagnostic leukaemic bone marrow blasts from study patients were significantly sensitised to ara-C by a median factor of 2.1 (p = 0.0047). All nine patients (100%) achieved complete remission, and all eight (100%) with validated MRD measurements (flow cytometry or real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction [RT-qPCR]) had an MRD level 1.0 × 109/L and to platelet recovery >50 × 109/L after the start of cycle 1 was 19 days and 22 days, respectively. Six of nine patients underwent allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). With a median follow-up of 18.0 (range 14.9–20.5) months, one patient with adverse risk not fit for HSCT experienced a relapse after 11.9 months but is now in second complete remission. Conclusion: Targeted inhibition of SAMHD1 by the addition of hydroxyurea to conventional AML therapy is safe and appears efficacious within the limitations of the small phase 1 patient cohort. These results need to be corroborated in a larger study