The Order of Cancer: A Theory of Malignant Progression by Inverse Morphogenesis

Local spread patterns of malignant tumors follow permissive tissue territories, i.e., cancer fields, as shown for cervical and vulvar carcinoma. The cancer fields are associated in reverse order to the mature derivatives of the morphogenetic fields instrumental in the stepwise development of the tissue from which the tumor arose. This suggests that cancer progression may be linked to morphogenesis by inversion of the cellular bauplan sequence. Successive attractor transitions caused by proliferation-associated constraints of topobiological information processing are proposed for both morphogenesis and cancer. In morphogenesis these transitions sequentially activate bauplans with increasing complexity at decreasing plasticity restricting the permissive territories of the progenitor cell populations. Somatic mutations leading to cell proliferation in domains normally reserved for differentiation trigger the inverse cascade of bauplan changes that increase topobiological plasticity at decreased complexity and stepwise enlarge the permissive territory of neoplastic cells consistent with the clinical manifestations of cancer. The order provided by the sequence of attractor transitions and the defined topography of the permissive territories can be exploited for more accurate tumor staging and for locoregional tumor treatment either by surgery or radiotherapy with higher curative potential

Quantum Nature of Light Measured With a Single Detector

We realized the most fundamental quantum optical experiment to prove the non-classical character of light: Only a single quantum emitter and a single superconducting nanowire detector were used. A particular appeal of our experiment is its elegance and simplicity. Yet its results unambiguously enforce a quantum theory for light. Previous experiments relied on more complex setups, such as the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss configuration, where a beam splitter directs light to two photodetectors, giving the false impression that the beam splitter is required. Our work results in a major simplification of the widely used photon-correlation techniques with applications ranging from quantum information processing to single-molecule detection.Comment: 7 page

Nutzung von Qualitätsreserven in elektrischen Verteilnetzen

Für eine kosteneffiziente Auslegung und einen stabilen Betrieb der stark beanspruchten Verteilnetze der Zukunft ist das Verständnis des Einflusses verschiedener Netzvarianten und Belastungszustände auf die Spannungsqualität äusserst wichtig. Hierfür werden mit Messkampagnen in verschiedenen Niederspannungsnetzen die Qualitätsreserven analysiert und ein generisches Überwachungskonzept formuliert

Stabiles Netz dank dezentralen Batteriespeichern

Die Anzahl an Photovoltaikanlagen mit Batteriespeicher nimmt stetig zu. Mit modernen Betriebsstrategien könnten diese Anlagen nicht nur den Eigengebrauch von selbst produziertem Strom erhöhen, sondern auch zur Netzstabilität beitragen. Forschende der Berner Fachhochschule BFH haben über Simulationen den potenziellen Nutzen für das Verteilnetz untersucht

Qualité de la tension dans la planification du réseau

L’évolution de la qualité de la tension dans le réseau de distribution est déterminée par le type, le nombre, la puissance et l’utilisation des appareils et installations ainsi que par le dimensionnement du réseau. Dans le projet OptiQ, des aides et recommandations ont été développées afin de permettre la prise en compte de la qualité de la tension lors de la planification du réseau cible

Harmonic analysis and mitigation in distribution grids with high penetration of power inverters

Inverters of large heat pumps in an urban low voltage grid generate current harmonics and cause consequently significant variations of the respective voltage harmonics. The voltage level at each grid point is not only influenced by the operation of such inverters, but higher harmonic voltage amplitudes can be expected, caused by the sum of all loads in the grid. The paper provides a comprehensive harmonic analysis of a typical urban distribution grid including heat pumps and presents insights on the variations and impact on the voltage profile of the 15th harmonic currents. An active harmonic filter was installed to enhance the power quality, by compensating the harmonic currents and by improving the voltage profile at grid points close-by the heat pumps

Survey of network impedance in the frequency range 2-9 kHz in public low voltage networks in AT/CH/CZ/GE

Setting realistic emission limits for distorting customer installations is a crucial requirement for a reliable and disturbance-free operation of public distribution networks. Therefore only an adequate share of the total allowable voltage distortion (compatibility level) has to be allocated to each customer installation. This allowable contribution of a single customer installation is usually small and difficult to assess. Hence, nowadays most standards and guidelines translate the allocated voltage distortion in a respective current distortion by using the network impedance at the considered frequency. As frequency-dependent network impedance is usually not known during the planning process, assumptions are required, which have to be realistic and not too conservative. This applies in particular to frequencies above 2 kHz, where the usually used extrapolation based on short circuit impedance can be very conservative due to the increasing impact of connected customer equipment on the network impedance. Based on a comprehensive measurement campaign in four different countries this paper identifies typical ranges of the frequency-dependent network impedance in the frequency range 2-9kHz. It analyses the impact of short circuit power and proposes a simplified impedance estimation, which can be used to calculate realistic current emission limits in the planning stage

Stockage d’énergie dans le réseau électrique

Lors de l’intégration de dispositifs de stockage d’énergie tels que les batteries, l’accent est mis sur l’optimisation des flux et des coûts énergétiques. Mais on oublie souvent que le fonctionnement de ces systèmes de plus en plus puissants provoque des perturbations pouvant conduire à des états de fonctionnement critiques du réseau électrique

Energiespeicher im Stromnetz

In der Diskussion über den Einsatz von Energiespeichern wie zum Beispiel Batterien stehen die Optimierung von Energieflüssen und die Kosten im Vordergrund. Dass beim Betrieb von immer mehr leistungsstarken Anlagen Netzrückwirkungen entstehen, welche bereits heute zu kritischen Betriebszuständen des Stromnetzes führen können, wird gerne vergessen

The Importance of Clinical Examination under General Anesthesia: Improving Parametrial Assessment in Cervical Cancer Patients

Background: Parametrial tumor involvement is an important prognostic factor in cervical cancer and is used to guide management. Here, we investigate the diagnostic value of clinical examination under general anesthesia (EUA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining parametrial tumor spread. Methods: Post-operative pathological findings of 400 patients with primary cervical cancer were compared to the respective MRI data and the results from EUA. The gynecological oncologist had access to the MR images during clinical assessment (augmented EUA, aEUA). Results: Pathologically proven parametrial tumor invasion was present in 165 (41%) patients. aEUA exhibited a higher accuracy than MRI alone (83% vs. 76%; McNemar’s odds ratio [OR] = 2.0, 95%CI 1.25–3.27, p = 0.003). Although accuracy was not affected by tumor size in aEUA, MRI was associated with a lower accuracy in tumors ≥2.5 cm (OR for a correct diagnosis compared to smaller tumors 0.22, p < 0.001). There was also a decrease in specificity when evaluating parametrial invasion by MRI in tumors ≥2.5 cm in diameter (p < 0.0001) compared to smaller tumors (< 2.5 cm). Body mass index had no influence on performance of either method. Conclusions: aEUA has the potential to increase the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in determining parametrial tumor involvement in cervical cancer patients