Randomized controlled trial on postoperative pulmonary humidification after total laryngectomy: external humidifier versus heat and moisture exchanger

Objectives/Hypothesis: Assessment of immediate postoperative airway humidification after total laryngectomy (TLE), comparing the use of an external humidifier (EH) with humidification through a heat and moisture exchanger (HME). Study Design: Randomized controlled trial (RCT). Methods: Fifty-three patients were randomized into the standard (control) EH (N = 26) or the experimental HME arm (N = 27). Compliance, pulmonary and sleeping problems, patients' and nursing staff satisfaction, nursing time, and cost-effectiveness were assessed with trial-specific structured questionnaires and tally sheets. Results: In the EH arm data were available for all patients, whereas in the HME arm data were incomplete for four patients. The 24/ 7 compliance rate in the EH arm was 12% and in the HME arm 87% (77% if the four nonevaluable patients are considered noncompliant). Compliance and patients' satisfaction were significantly better, and the number of coughing episodes, mucus expectoration for clearing the trachea, and sleeping disturbances were significantly less in the HME arm (P <.001). This was also the case for nursing time and nursing staff satisfaction and preference. Conclusions: This RCT clearly shows the benefits of immediate postoperative airway humidification by means of an HME over the use of an EH after TLE. This study therefore underlines that HMEs presently can be considered the better option for early postoperative airway humidification after TLE. Key Words: Total laryngectomy, postoperative airway humidification, external humidifier, heat and moisture exchanger, pulmonary rehabilitatio

Design thinking for food well-Being. An adolescents’ language perspective

Design Thinking methodologies are often employed to create and generate solutions to a problem that specifically addresses the needs of consumers. In this chapter, we follow the first two steps of the DT process, problem definition and needs identification, to understand how adolescents frame and perceive concepts related to Food Well-Being. More specifically, in order to better assess the problem and to synthesize the needs, adolescents’ language is explored. Using a quantitative content analysis conducted with LIWC software, three trajectories of development of the Food Well-Being are identified. First, the role of school which is detrimental to the development of the social interaction needed for adolescents and their nutrition behavior; second, the importance of the idea of home in which adolescents seem to prefer consuming their meals and taking time for themselves; third the relevance of friends and peers in shaping both adolescents’ opinions and thoughts and their social processes