About Jordan and Einstein frames: a study in inflationary magnetogenesis

There has been considerable interest in the community to understand if the Einstein and Jordan frames are either physically equivalent to each other or if there exists a preference frame where interpretations of physical observables should be done. In this paper, we want to broaden the discussion about this equivalence by making a detailed side-by-side comparison of the physical quantities in both frames in the context of cosmic magnetogenesis. We have computed the evolution of the vector potential in each frame along with some observables such as the spectral index, and the magnetic field amplitude. We found that contrary to the Einstein frame, the electric and magnetic energy densities in Jordan Frame do not depend on any parameter associated with the scalar field. Furthermore, in the Einstein frame and assuming scale-invariant for the magnetic field, most of the total energy density contribution comes from the electric and magnetic densities. Finally, we show the ratio between magnetic field signals in both frames printed in the CMB. We expect that the results presented contribute to the ongoing discussion on the relation between these two frames.Comment: 23 pages, 15 figures. New references added. Typos are correcte

Evolution of magnetic fields through cosmological perturbation theory

The origin of galactic and extra-galactic magnetic fields is an unsolved problem in modern cosmology. A possible scenario comes from the idea of these fields emerged from a small field, a seed, which was produced in the early universe (phase transitions, inflation, ...) and it evolves in time. Cosmological perturbation theory offers a natural way to study the evolution of primordial magnetic fields. The dynamics for this field in the cosmological context is described by a cosmic dynamo like equation, through the dynamo term. In this paper we get the perturbed Maxwell's equations and compute the energy momentum tensor to second order in perturbation theory in terms of gauge invariant quantities. Two possible scenarios are discussed, first we consider a FLRW background without magnetic field and we study the perturbation theory introducing the magnetic field as a perturbation. The second scenario, we consider a magnetized FLRW and build up the perturbation theory from this background. We compare the cosmological dynamo like equation in both scenarios