The effect of clothing fit and material of women’s Islamic sportswear on physiological and subjective responses during exercise in warm and humid environment

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of clothing fit and material of Islamic sportswear for female on physiological responses and body heat balance during exercise in warm and humid environment. Twelve healthy female students (20.3±0.4 years) exercised wearing four types of women’s Islamic sportswear comprised of two level of clothing fit: loose-fit and tight-fit, and two types of material for sportswear: cotton and polyester on four separate occasions, and in random order. They performed a 30-min treadmill exercise at an intensity of 70% HRmax and then rested on a chair for 20 min for recovery in a chamber set at an ambient temperature of 34°C and relative humidity of 80%. The results showed that clothing fit did not significantly affect physiological and subjective responses, but clothing material did; sportswear made of cotton resulted in a higher increase of tympanic temperature during exercise and recovery compared to that made of polyester (P<0.05). In addition, sportswear made of cotton have lower conductive and evaporative heat loss than sportswear made of polyester (P<0.05). Clothing fit only had significant effect on conductive heat loss; that is tight-fit sportswear showed greater conductive heat loss than loose-fit one (P <0.05). Regarding subjective responses, participants reported lower thermal comfort, greater thermal sensation, and greater skin wetness sensation when performing exercise wearing tight-fit sportswear made of polyester

Osteopenia in Gaucher Disease Develops Early in Life: Response to Imiglucerase Enzyme Therapy in Children, Adolescents and Adults

Background: In Gaucher disease (GD), acid-β-glucosidase (GBA1) gene mutations result in defective glucocerebrosidase and variable combinations of hematological, visceral, and diverse bone disease. Osteopenia is highly prevalent, but its age of onset during the natural course of GD is not known. It is also unclear if the degree of improvement in osteopenia, secondary to imiglucerase enzyme therapy, differs by the age of the patient. Objective: We hypothesized that osteopenia develops early in life, during the natural course of type 1 Gaucher disease (GD1), and that its response to treatment is maximal during this period. Methods: We examined data from the International Collaborative Gaucher Group (ICGG) Gaucher Registry of patients treated with imiglucerase between the ages of 5 and 50 years. Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) (determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and expressed as Z-scores) at baseline and for up to 10 years on imiglucerase were analyzed in children (ages ≥ 5 to \u3c 12 years), adolescents (≥ 12 to \u3c 20 years), young adults (≥ 20 to \u3c 30 years), and older adults (≥ 30 to \u3c 50 years). BMD was correlated with other disease characteristics. Pre-treatment, descriptive statistics were applied to 5-year age categories. Non-linear mixed effects regression models were used to analyze DXA Z-scores over time after treatment with imiglucerase. Results: Pre-treatment, low BMD was prevalent in all age groups, most strikingly in adolescents. DXA Z-scores were at or below − 1 in 44% of children (n = 43), 76% of adolescents (n = 41), 54% of young adults (n = 56) and 52% of older adults (n = 171). The most common GBA1 genotype was N370S heteroallelic. Baseline hematological and visceral manifestations in the 4 age groups were similar. In children with DXA Z-scores ≤ − 1 at baseline, imiglucerase therapy for 6 years resulted in improvement of mean DXA Z-scores from − 1.38 (95% CI − 1.73 to − 1.03) to − 0.73 (95% CI − 1.25 to − 0.21); in young adults DXA Z-scores improved from − 1.95 (95% CI − 2.26 to − 1.64) to − 0.67 (95% CI − 1.09 to − 0.26). BMD also improved in older adults, but the magnitude of the improvement was lower compared to younger patients. Conclusions: Low bone density is common in GD1 with the highest prevalence rate in adolescence, a developmental period critical to attainment of peak bone mass. Imiglucerase results in amelioration of osteopenia in all age groups, with the greatest improvements in younger patients

Osteopenia in Gaucher Disease Develops Early in Life: Response to Imiglucerase Enzyme Therapy in Children, Adolescents and Adults

Background: In Gaucher disease (GD), acid-β-glucosidase (GBA1) gene mutations result in defective glucocerebrosidase and variable combinations of hematological, visceral, and diverse bone disease. Osteopenia is highly prevalent, but its age of onset during the natural course of GD is not known. It is also unclear if the degree of improvement in osteopenia, secondary to imiglucerase enzyme therapy, differs by the age of the patient. Objective: We hypothesized that osteopenia develops early in life, during the natural course of type 1 Gaucher disease (GD1), and that its response to treatment is maximal during this period. Methods: We examined data from the International Collaborative Gaucher Group (ICGG) Gaucher Registry of patients treated with imiglucerase between the ages of 5 and 50 years. Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) (determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and expressed as Z-scores) at baseline and for up to 10 years on imiglucerase were analyzed in children (ages ≥ 5 to \u3c 12 years), adolescents (≥ 12 to \u3c 20 years), young adults (≥ 20 to \u3c 30 years), and older adults (≥ 30 to \u3c 50 years). BMD was correlated with other disease characteristics. Pre-treatment, descriptive statistics were applied to 5-year age categories. Non-linear mixed effects regression models were used to analyze DXA Z-scores over time after treatment with imiglucerase. Results: Pre-treatment, low BMD was prevalent in all age groups, most strikingly in adolescents. DXA Z-scores were at or below − 1 in 44% of children (n = 43), 76% of adolescents (n = 41), 54% of young adults (n = 56) and 52% of older adults (n = 171). The most common GBA1 genotype was N370S heteroallelic. Baseline hematological and visceral manifestations in the 4 age groups were similar. In children with DXA Z-scores ≤ − 1 at baseline, imiglucerase therapy for 6 years resulted in improvement of mean DXA Z-scores from − 1.38 (95% CI − 1.73 to − 1.03) to − 0.73 (95% CI − 1.25 to − 0.21); in young adults DXA Z-scores improved from − 1.95 (95% CI − 2.26 to − 1.64) to − 0.67 (95% CI − 1.09 to − 0.26). BMD also improved in older adults, but the magnitude of the improvement was lower compared to younger patients. Conclusions: Low bone density is common in GD1 with the highest prevalence rate in adolescence, a developmental period critical to attainment of peak bone mass. Imiglucerase results in amelioration of osteopenia in all age groups, with the greatest improvements in younger patients