Gene replacement, integration, and amplification at the gdhA locus of Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Gene replacement and integration in a Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21086 derivative were achieved by transformation with a nonreplicative plasmid that contains the C. glutamicum ATCC 17965 gdhA gene modified by the insertion of an aphIII cartridge. We isolated rare derivatives of the integrative transformants that have higher levels of expression of the integrated plasmid genes than the parent. Different types of such amplified clones were distinguished according to their antibiotic resistance levels, enzyme specific activities, and physical structures. All amplified clones share a structural DNA motif confined to the chromosomal gdhA locus: a variable number (up to 10) of tandem copies of a unit that includes the selected gene and one flanking repeat. A given clone contains subpopulations that differ in the number of repeats of this unit

A diesel engine global simulation tool - benefits in coolant loop optimization and additional heating systems use

6th Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference, BRIGHTON, ENGLAND, MAY 18-21, 2003International audienceThis article focuses on a global simulation software of a car cooling system. The sub-models involved are firstly detailed. A computation of air temperature blown into the car cabin is satisfactory compared to experimental results carried out in wind tunnel. In a second part, an example of an optimized defrosting strategy is described. Finally, the impact of several additional heating systems, burners and electrical systems, is studied in term of comfort and fuel consumption. The evaluation of the different technologies relies on a dimensionless indicator which links car cabin comfort and fuel consumption

A Diesel Engine Thermal Transient Simulation : Coupling Between a Combustion Model and a Thermal Model

International audienc

A Model of Energetic Interactions Between a Car Engine, the Cabin Heating System and the Electrical System

International audienceReduction of internal combustion engines fuel consumption is permanently researched. It leads automotive companies towards global energetic simulation tools to describe the interactions between the engine and the energy consumer systems. Valeo with the EMN Department of Energetic, develop a vehicle energy management tool. It will be able to describe the interactions between: engine, the car cabin heating system, electrical systems and other energy consumers (additional heating system, air conditioning system) implied in the vehicle operation. The first results given by the simulation model have approached quite accurately, the coolant loop warm-up curve, measured during a vehicle test in wind tunnel. The model solves the energy balance on the oil and coolant loops and computes: the heat flux from engine to coolant, the distribution of coolant flows in branches, the thermal exchanges involved in the heater core, the cooling radiator and the oil cooler

Les synostoses essentielles du tarse chez l'enfant. A propos de 32 cas chez 20 patients. [Primary synostosis of the tarsus in children. Apropos of 32 cases in 20 patients]

The authors have studied 32 tarsal coalitions in 20 children. Twenty two were between the talus and the calcaneum, 4 were medial and 6 were rare varieties. The diagnosis is often missed because 40 p. 100 of the children with tarsal coalition had no complaints. The indirect radiological signs have been analysed and precise techniques described for detecting the coalition. Only 11 feet were operated on. On 4 occasions the coalition was simply resected. This always gave a good functional result and good mobility was obtained in the subtaloid joint in 2 cases. The other cases were treated by triple arthrodesis. The authors consider that an earlier diagnosis would lead to better prevention of secondary deformities. The best indication for simple resection is in coalition between the calcaneum and the navicular

Traitement chirurgical des scolioses de 100 degrès et plus chez l'enfant et l'adolescent (à l'exclusion des scolioses neurologiques et myopathiques). A propos d'une série de 66 cas. [Surgical treatment of scoliosis of 100 degrees and greater in children and adolescents (neurological and myopathic scoliosis excluded). Apropos of a series of 66 cases]

In a retrospective study the authors had compared the results obtained in two series of identical scoliosis. All were examined after a two year minimal follow-up. Group A. There were 31 children operated on between 1966 and 1972. The average initial curve measured 111 degrees, and the average follow-up was eight years. In this group there was no preoperative preparation, and a Harrington rod was accompanied by cancellous grafting. The average correction was 34 degrees. Four paraplegias were seen, three of which recovered. Group B. There were 45 children operated on between 1973 and 1980. The average initial curve was 170 degrees and the average follow-up was 4.5 years. In this group, there was pre-operative use of a Halo cast routinely. In 14 children, Harrington rodding was supplemented by anterior fusion to correct associated kyphosis. The posterior Harrington rodding was completed by tibial grafting. The average correction was 47 degrees, without any neurological complications. It was noted that after one year, pulmonary function was not impaired to a greater extent after an anterior fusion than after a purely posterior fusion. Two-thirds of the cases gained considerable cosmetic benefit

An Alternative Relationship to Unemployment: Conceptualizing Unemployment Normalization

Unemployment is widely described as a situation that engenders stress, malaise, and a loss of identity for those affected by it. Whereas the deleterious effects of unemployment are clear, people may also develop an alternative relationship to unemployment and hold other perceptions of this transition period. Some studies have indeed pointed toward a shift in the social work norm, whereas others have questioned the negative impact of unemployment on some individuals. Yet to date, few studies have directly focused on the process through which these other, less negative perceptions of unemployment may arise. The present article thus explores one possible experience that we have termed unemployment normalization. We conceptualize unemployment normalization as an emotional regulation process based on cognitive reappraisal. This article suggests some variables that may influence it and presents a roadmap for future research