Gaze Prediction Improvement by Adding a Face Feature to a Saliency Model

Non

Relevance of interest points for eye position prediction on videos

2009, XIV, 456 p., Softcover. ISBN: 978-3-642-04666-7International audienceThis papers tests the relevance of interest points to predict eye movements of subjects when viewing video sequences freely. Moreover the papers compares the eye positions of subjects with interest maps obtained using two classical interest point detectors: one spatial and one space-time. We fund that in function of the video sequence, and more especially in function of the motion inside the sequence, the spatial or the space-time interest point detector is more or less relevant to predict eye movements

A Stochastic Viability Approach for Ecosystem-Based Management of Mixed Fisheries: The Case of The Bay of Biscay Demersal Fisheries

Marine scientists and stakeholders are increasingly advocating ecosystembased fishery management (EBFM). However, the way to operationalize such EBFM remains controversial. The viability approach can be a relevant modelling framework for EBFM as it accounts for dynamic complexities, uncertainties, risks and sustainability objectives balancing ecological, economic and social dimensions together with intergenerational equity. Mixed fisheries operating in the Bay of Biscay provide a challenging example to illustrate these issues. The present paper focuses on the case of the demersal fisheries catching nephrops, hake, sole and monkfish. A bioeconomic multi-species and multi-fleets model is developed to examine the capacity for the stochastic viability framework to assist in developing practical approaches to EBFM. The model integrates the dynamics of the harvested stocks with an uncertain recruitment and technical interactions through joint catches. It relies on data from ICES and IFREMER. A coviability analysis of the fish populations/fisheries system is performed to investigate how to simultaneously preserve the species (using Bpa precautionary referenced points) and guarantee economic incomes for the fleets. First results suggest that the viable harvesting intensities require a significant reduction in the effort of some fleets, as compared to reference year 2006.Keywords: Bioeconomic Analysis of Fisheries, Fish and Aquaculture Sectors Development, Fisheries EconomicsKeywords: Bioeconomic Analysis of Fisheries, Fish and Aquaculture Sectors Development, Fisheries Economic

A Bio-Economic Model for the Viable Managementof the Coastal Fishery in French Guyana

The coastal fishery in French Guyana is a challenging case study for the implementation of the ecosystem based fishery management. Although the current situation of this small scale fishery could be considered as satisfactory, the viability of the fishery can be questioned. Indeed according to demographic scenarios, the growth of the population will generate an increase of local food demand and therefore growing fishing pressures. Moreover, there is no direct regulation for limiting the fishing catches. Models and quantitative methods to tackle this sustainability issue are still lacking for such mall-scale fisheries mainly because of the various complexities underlying the systems including the heterogeneity of the production factors, the weak selectivity of fleets and high fish biodiversity levels. In the present paper, we both use numerical simulations and a viability perspective to deal with such a problem. We first build a multi-species multi-fleets dynamic model relying on thirteen exploited species and four types of fleets. It accounts for potential trophic interactions, fishing effort and the corresponding costs and revenues. The model was fit on data collected since 2006 by Ifremer: daily production and efforts data, as well as economic data from a survey on the production costs and selling prices in 2009.The co-viability of the system under different scenarios of fishing efforts is studied through ecological and economic performances. The biological viability constraints focus on biodiversity index as species richness or trophic index while economic viability constraints intend to guarantee profitability to all the fleets.Keywords: Fisheries Economics, Fish and Aquaculture Sectors Development, Bioeconomic Analysis of Fisherie

Multidisciplinary investigation on cold seeps with vigorous gas emissions in the Sea of Marmara (MarsiteCruise): Strategy for site detection and sampling and first scientific outcome

MarsiteCruise was undertaken in October/November 2014 in the Sea of Marmara to gain detailed insight into the fate of fluids migrating within the sedimentary column and partially released into the water column. The overall objective of the project was to achieve a more global understanding of cold-seep dynamics in the context of a major active strike-slip fault. Five remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives were performed at selected areas along the North Anatolian Fault and inherited faults. To efficiently detect, select and sample the gas seeps, we applied an original procedure. It combines sequentially (1) the acquisition of ship-borne multibeam acoustic data from the water column prior to each dive to detect gas emission sites and to design the tracks of the ROV dives, (2) in situ and real-time Raman spectroscopy analysis of the gas stream, and (3) onboard determination of molecular and isotopic compositions of the collected gas bubbles. The in situ Raman spectroscopy was used as a decision-making tool to evaluate the need for continuing with the sampling of gases from the discovered seep, or to move to another one. Push cores were gathered to study buried carbonates and pore waters at the surficial sediment, while CTD-Rosette allowed collecting samples to measure dissolved-methane concentration within the water column followed by a comparison with measurements from samples collected with the submersible Nautile during the Marnaut cruise in 2007. Overall, the visited sites were characterized by a wide diversity of seeps. CO2- and oil-rich seeps were found at the westernmost part of the sea in the Tekirdag Basin, while amphipods, anemones and coral populated the sites visited at the easternmost part in the Cinarcik Basin. Methane-derived authigenic carbonates and bacterial mats were widespread on the seafloor at all sites with variable size and distributions. The measured methane concentrations in the water column were up to 377 μmol, and the dissolved pore-water profiles indicated the occurrence of sulfate depleting processes accompanied with carbonate precipitation. The pore-water profiles display evidence of biogeochemical transformations leading to the fast depletion of seawater sulfate within the first 25-cm depth of the sediment. These results show that the North Anatolian Fault and inherited faults are important migration paths for fluids for which a significant part is discharged into the water column, contributing to the increase of methane concentration at the bottom seawater and favoring the development of specific ecosystems

Development of new analyses in food authenticity by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

La vérification de l'authenticité en agroalimentaire a pour but de protéger la santé des consommateurs, garantir la traçabilité des produits et lutter contre les fraudes. La Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire (RMN) est une méthode analytique employée pour la quantification de composés ciblés ou l'acquisition d'empreintes spectrales. Dans le cadre de 5;~tte thèse, il a été proposé de transférer trois méthodes développées en recherche fondamentale par spectroscopie RMN dans un environnement industriel. Afin de caractériser de nouvelles variétés de cafés Arabica, modifiées d'un point de vue génétique et récemment introduites sur le marché, une étude a été proposée en RMN du proton par l'utilisation d'un outil chimiométrique récent et performant, l'IC-DA (Independent Component - Discriminant Analysis). Une seconde étude s'est portée sur le transfert d'une séquence RMN du carbone 13 récemment développée en INEPT (Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Tranter) adiabatique refocalisée appliquée à des corps gras de multiples origines végétales et animales. Enfin, l'analyse par RMN isotopique du carbone 13 de la Vanilline a été proposée suivant un processus rigoureux de transfert. Deux des trois méthodes ont été transférés en intégralités en routine au cours de la thèse. Les trois projets présentés ont été soumis à publication et ont permis d'apporter de nouvelles connaissances et outils au laboratoire d'analyses industriel, d'étendre leur domaine de compétences et d'assurer ou d'optimiser leurs méthodes existantes.Verification of authenticity in food-processing intends to protect the health of consumers, to guarantee the traceability of products and to fight against frauds. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is an analytical · method employed for quantifying targeted compounds or for acquiring complete spectral fingerprints involving different fields such as metabolomics, isotopy or chemometrics. Pure research aims to promote the development of effective tools and to assure their applicability, it was suggested to transfer three methods using the NMR spectroscopy in an industrial environment. To characterize new varieties of Arabica coffee, modified in a genetic point of view and recently introduced on the market, a first studied has been proposed in proton NMR by the use of a recent and efficient chemometric tool, the IC-DA (Independent Component - Discriminant Analysis). A second study focused on the transfer of a newly developed NMR sequence for carbon 13 in refocused adiabatic INEPT (Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Tranter) applied to several plant and animal origins of fats. Finally, isotopic NMR analysis of carbon-13 in Vanillin has been proposed following a rigorous transfer process. Two of the three methods were routinely transferred during the thesis. The three presented projects were submitted for publication and have provided new knowledges and tools for the industrial laboratory of analysis, the extension of their area of expertise and the guarantee or the optimization of their existing methods

La prise en charge de la douleur de l'enfant à l'hôpital

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocRENNES1-BU Santé (352382103) / SudocSudocFranceF